组织场域、制度逻辑与行动策略——对政府购买服务中社会组织运作的考察

Organizational Field, Institutional Logic and Action Strategy:An Investigation of the Operation of Social Organizations in Government Purchase of Services

近年来,政府购买服务逐渐成为中国社会组织发展的新情境。社会组织在提供政府购买的社会服务时,必然面对政府和公众两个主体。借助“组织场域”和“制度逻辑”的分析视角,可以将中国社会组织的组织环境划分为政府场域和社会场域,政府场域以绩效逻辑为主导,社会场域以服务逻辑为主导。通过对三个社会组织的运作过程进行考察,可以发现,在双重制度逻辑的压力下,社会组织形成一定的行动策略加以应对,如执行变通、行政嵌入以及服务嵌入等。但这种行动更多地指向组织本身的生存与发展,而非社会服务效率与质量的真正优化,带有消极和被动的性质,是科层制逻辑和专业化逻辑相互建构的结果,尚未达到政府购买服务政策的理想期待。

In recent years, government purchase of services has gradually become a new scenario for the development of social organizations in China. When social organizations provide social services purchased by the government, they must face two entities: the government and the public. From the perspective of “organizational field” and “institutional logic”, the organizational environment of Chinese social organizations can be divided into the government field and social field. The government field is dominated by performance logic, while the social field is dominated by service logic. Through examining the operation of three social organizations, this study found that under the pressure of the dual institutional logic, social organizations would form their action strategies to deal with,like compromise, administration-embedded and service-embedded. But those strategies point more to the existence and development of the organization rather than the optimization of the efficiency and quality of social service,which is negative and passive. The research argued that those above are the results of the mutual construction of bureaucratic logic and professional logic, and has not reached the ideal expectation of government purchase of services yet.