国家通用语言能力对少数民族劳动力收入的影响研究——基于南疆四地州的调查

Research on the Effect of National Common Language Proficiency on the Income of Minority Labor Force:Based on the Investigation of Four Prefectures in Southern Xinjiang

语言能力作为一种人力资本对劳动力收入具有重要影响。本文运用南疆四地州的调研数据分析了国家通用语言能力即普通话的听、说、读、写技能对少数民族劳动力收入的影响及作用机制。研究发现:第一,普通话能力对少数民族劳动力的收入具有显著的溢出效应,其中听力、口语、阅读和书写技能对收入的影响程度相当,估计系数分别为0.068、0.063、0.057和0.065;第二,对不同收入层次群体来说,普通话能力对收入的影响呈递增趋势,收入层次越高,普通话能力的回报率越高;第三,对性别、年龄的分组回归结果显示,语言能力对收入的促进作用在女性、29~45岁年龄段的劳动者中最为明显;最后,通过对语言能力作用机制的中介效应检验可知,促进非农就业是普通话能力影响收入的重要途径。

As a kind of human capital,language ability has an important influence on labor income.This paper uses the survey data of Xinjiang ethnic group areas to conduct an empirical analysis of the national common language ability,namely,the impact of Mandarin listening,speaking,reading,and writing skills on the income of ethnic labor force and mechanism of action.The research results are:Firstly,Mandarin ability has a significant spillover effect on the income of ethnic group laborers,among which listening,speaking,reading and writing skills have similar effects on income,with coefficients of 0.068,0.063,0.057 and 0.065 respectively;secondly,for groups with different income levels,the impact of Mandarin ability on income is increasing--the higher the income level,the higher the rate of return of Mandarin ability;thirdly,the regression results of gender and age show that the effect of linguistic ability on income is most obvious among women and workers who are 29-45 years old;finally,through the test of the mediating effect of the language ability mechanism,it can be seen that promoting non-agricultural employment is an important way for Mandarin ability to affect income.