徐汇区普通人群精神卫生知识知晓率调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the mental health knowledge awareness rate among the general population in the Xuhui district

目的全面了解本区现阶段普通人群精神卫生知识知晓率水平,为今后的健康促进工作提供科学依据,并针对性地开展心理健康教育工作。方法采用多阶段单纯随机抽样方法,于2019年8—12月抽取1300名居住满6个月的18岁及以上徐汇区常住居民进行现场问卷调查,内容包括精神卫生与心理保健知识、案例和精神疾病有关态度。结果实际完成调查1297名,徐汇区普通人群精神卫生知识知晓水平得分为(34.34±5.64)分,总知晓率为75.11%,文化程度是精神卫生知识知晓水平的相关因素(P<0.05);对焦虑症、双相情感障碍、抑郁症和精神分裂症四种病种的正确识别率分别为31.4%、24.8%、27.7%和6.7%;对精神疾病的态度平均分为(35.50±6.00)分,持正性态度、中性态度和负性态度的比例分别为32.7%、31.1%和36.2%。结论徐汇区普通居民精神卫生知识总体知晓率偏低,对常见精神疾病的识别能力不高,对于精神疾病相关的歧视和偏见依然严重。今后开展心理健康教育宣传工作不但要扩大精神卫生宣教的覆盖面,而且要针对性地开展薄弱知识内容的宣传教育,侧重于重点人群个性化宣传方式。

Objective Comprehensively understand the awareness level of mental health knowledge among the general population at the present stage,provide a scientific basis for future health promotion work,and specifically carry out mental health education work.Methods From August to December 2019,the multistage random sampling method was adopted to select 1300 permanent residents aged 18 and above who lived in the Xuhui district for more than 6 months to carry out an on-site questionnaire.The content of the survey included mental health and psychological health care knowledge,cases and attitude toward mental illness.Results 1,297 respondents completed the mentioned survey.The score of mental health care knowledge awareness level among the general population in the Xuhui district is(34.34±5.64),and the total awareness rate was 75.11%.Education level was the related factor to mental health knowledge awareness level(P<0.05).The correct identification rates of anxiety,bipolar disorder,depression,and schizophrenia were 31.4%,24.8%,27.7%,and 6.7%,respectively.The average score of attitude towards mental illness was(35.50±6.00),and the proportions of the positive,neutral,and negative attitudes were 32.7%,31.1%,and 36.2%,respectively.Conclusions The general awareness rate of mental health knowledge among ordinary residents in the Xuhui district is at a low level,and they present to have a poor ability to identify common mental diseases,and the discrimination and prejudice against mental diseases are still severe.In the future,the mental health education and publicity work should not only expand the coverage of mental health publicity and education but also carry out the targeted publicity and education on weak knowledge content,focusing on the personalized publicity methods of the key groups.