我国主要草原有害生物防治指标制定与分析

Establishment and analysis of key pest control indicators in grasslands in China

草原啮齿动物、昆虫和毒害草是草原生态系统的重要组分,对物质循环、能量流动等发挥着重要功能。然而,当其种群密度激增超过环境容纳量,并对草地生态、畜牧业生产以及人类健康等构成威胁时演变为有害生物。因此,科学防控有害生物和保护生物多样性对于维系草地生态动态平衡和促进草地畜牧业可持续发展具有重要意义。制定草原有害生物防治指标是科学防控草原有害生物的前提,更是草原有害生物防治管理系统科学决策的依据。害鼠防治指标主要依据不同鼠种单位面积有效洞口数或新鼠丘数及秃斑占比制定;害虫防治指标主要依据不同害虫的种群密度制定;毒害草防治指标主要依据不同害草类型的植被盖度制定。本研究概述了我国草原有害生物防治指标制定的历史和现状,解读了新制定草原有害生物防治指标的思路,展望了未来草原有害生物防治指标体系建设。

Rodents, insects, and poisonous weeds are key components of grassland ecosystems that play important roles in material circulation and energy flow. However, when their population density exceeds the environmental tolerance level, they become pests and pose a threat to grassland ecological livestock production and human health. Therefore, scientific pest control and biodiversity protection are of great significance for maintaining the dynamic balance of the grassland ecosystem and promoting the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry. The establishment of grassland pest control indicators is not only the premise of scientific prevention and control of grassland pests, but also the basis for scientific decision-making for a grassland pest control management system. Formulation of control indicators for rodents is determined according to the number of effective holes or new rat mounds per unit area and proportion of bald spots, that for pests is according to the population density of different pests, and that for harmful plants is based on their different vegetation coverage. This study summarizes the history and current status of the establishment of grassland pest control indicators in China, interprets the new idea of formulating grassland pest control indicators, and suggests the construction of a grassland pest control index system in the future.