劳动力市场分割的经济效应:研究综述与展望

Economic Consequences of Labor Market Segmentation:A Research Summary and Prospect

中国要素市场一体化明显滞后,相较于商品和资本市场,劳动力市场分割较为严重。要素配置市场化改革作为“十四五”规划改革的重要突破口,劳动力市场滞后性的存在并不合理。本文基于文献回顾法,对劳动力市场分割的相关研究进行了系统化梳理。研究发现,劳动力市场分割会加剧工资扭曲,妨碍社会充分就业,不利于经济平稳运行;它也会削弱人力资本存量,减缓企业技术创新进程,不利于经济可持续发展;它还会降低企业出口竞争力,抑制高质量外商直接投资流入,不利于经济内外联动发展,最终有碍于经济迈入高质量发展阶段。未来劳动力市场分割相关研究可从劳动力异质性、不同要素市场分割的交叉性、数字经济情境等方面做进一步拓展。

Compared with the commodity and capital markets,China’s labor market is more fragmented.As the 14 th Five-Year Plan looks forward to a breakthrough in market-oriented reform on factor allocation,the labor market integration needs to be prioritized.Based on a review of literature on labor market segmentation,the study finds that labor market segmentation exacerbates wage distortions and hinders social full employment,and it could be detrimental to a smooth operation of the economy.Meanwhile,the segmentation also weakens the stock of human capital and slows down technological innovation of enterprises.Therefore,it is harmful to sustainable economic development.In addition,the segmentation reduces export competitiveness of enterprises and restrains the inflow of high-quality FDI,and it is not conducive to a coordinated development of the internal and external economies and ultimately becomes barrier to high-quality development.Subsequent studies on market segmentation should focus on labor heterogeneity,the intersectionality of different factors,and the digital economy.