布尔加科夫及其创作探析

An Exploration of Bulgakov and His Creation

布尔加科夫是20世纪二三十年代苏联著名的、具有卓越讽刺才华的俄罗斯作家。他用怪诞、夸张和反逻辑的艺术形式所写的一系列怪书、奇书,突破了现实主义文学对外在真实的要求,通过对现实生活的荒诞化、幻想化的处理,揭示了社会现实的最本质的特征,从而表现出更为真实的现实。然而,在庸俗社会学十分盛行的20年代,这样的作品显然是不合时宜的。因此,布尔加科夫的创作从一开始便遭到“拉普”的贬斥和打压。从20年代末开始,他的作品便被全面封杀。直到20世纪60年代中期,这些作品才得以面世,布尔加科夫的名字方为广大读者所知晓,对他的评价也从严厉的批判转变为对其创作及艺术成就的充分肯定。他的作品已成为俄罗斯文学宝库的珍品。

Bulgakov,with outstanding satirical talent,was a famous Soviet Russian writer in the 1920s and 1930s.The series of bizarre books written in the form of grotesque,exaggeration and anti-logical art have broken through the requirements for external truth of realist literature,and revealed the most essential features of social reality through absurdity and fantasy in real life,presenting a more realistic reality.However,such works were obviously improper in the 1920s when vulgar sociology was prevalent,suffering from Rapp’s denouncement and suppression from the very beginning of his creation.His works were completely banned from the end of the 1920s until the mid-1960s when they were finally published,and the author’s name became known to the readers.His works began to receive positive recognition in terms of his artistic achievement rather than severe criticism,and have become a treasure of Russian literature.