教练员差序式领导行为量表的编制与检验

Development and Testing of Coaches’ Differential Leadership Behavior Scale

目的 编制《教练员差序式领导行为量表》,为测量在我国体育组织情境下运动团队中的教练员差序式领导行为提供可靠的测量工具。方法 研究对我国14所高校的714名高水平运动员进行了调查,预试调查样本数为282人,正式测试样本数为432人。采用独立样本t检验对预试量表进行项目分析,采用探索性因子(EFA)分析提取量表的公因子;采用内部一致性系数Cronbach’s α、再测信度r值以及组成信度CR值检验量表的信度;采用结构方程模型进行验证性因子分析(CFA)检验量表的结构效度,同时对量表的内容效度、收敛效度和区别效度进行了检验。结果 24题的预试量表经过项目分析和因子分析形成了由宽容亲信、照顾沟通、关照奖励3个维度17个条目组成的正式测试量表。正式量表的内部一致性系数Cronbach’s α值分别为0.910、0.766、0.708,总量表为0.656;再测信度r值为0.784、0.787、0.796,总量表为0.824;组成信度CR值分别为0.879、0.842、0.728,总量表为0.916;验证性因子分析构建模型的拟合度为χ~2/df=2.064,GFI=0.959,AGFI=0.940,TLI=0.955,CFI=0.965,RMR=0.040,RMSEA=0.050;收敛效度检验平均方差萃取量AVE值为分别0.647、0.517、0.504;区别效度检验各维度间的相关系数在0.101~0.268之间。研究所编制的《教练员差序式领导量表》具有良好的信效度水平。结论 本研究初步编制的《教练员差序式领导量表》能够为基于差序格局的教练员领导行为研究提供可靠的测量工具,同时本研究也为我国体育组织行为的本土化研究提供了新的理论和新的视角。

Objective The Coaches Differential Leadership Behavior Scale is compiled to provide a reliable measurement tool for measuring coaches’ differential leadership behavior in sports teams in the context of sports organizations in China. Methods The study investigated 714 high-level athletes from 14 colleges in China. The number of pre-test survey samples was 282 and the number of formal test samples was 432. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the items of the pre-test scale, and exploratory factor analysis(EFA) was used to extract the common factors of the scale. Internal consistency coefficient Cronbach’s α. The reliability of the scale was tested by test-retest reliability r value and composition reliability CR value. The structural equation model was used for confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) to test the structural validity of the scale, and the content validity, convergence validity and discriminant validity of the scale were tested. Results The 24-question pretest scale was subjected to item analysis and factor analysis to form a formal test scale consisting of 17 items in 3 dimensions:tolerance and affection,caring and communication,and caring and rewarding.The internal consistency coefficients Cronbach’s α values were0.910,0.766 and 0.708 for the formal scale and 0.656 for the total scale.The test-retest reliability r values were 0.784,0.787and 0.796,and the total table was 0.824.The CR values of composition reliability were 0.879,0.842 and 0.728 respectively,and the total table was 0.916.The fitting degree of the model constructed by confirmatory factor analysis is χ~2/df=2.064,GFI=0.959,AGFI=0.940,TLI=0.955,CFI=0.965,RMR=0.040,RMSEA=0.050.AVE values of convergence validity test were 0.647,0.517 and 0.504 respectively.The correlation coefficient between the dimensions of discriminant validity test is 0.101-0.268.The coach differential leadership scale compiled by the Institute has a good level of reliability and validity.Conclusion The Coaches Differential Leadership Behavior Scale preliminarily compiled in this study can provide a reliable measurement tool for the research of coach leadership behavior based on differential order pattern.At the same time,this study also provides a new theory and new perspective for the localization research of sports organization behavior in China.