建安后期的邺下从游与曹氏造魏——社会与国家关系中曹魏建国的舆论运作

Literary Activities in Ye and Founding of Cao Wei in Late Jian’an Reign: Reexamining Public Opinion Campaign through State-Societal Relation

建安后期邺城的文学交会大都由曹操父子所主导,建安十六年至二十二年间(211—217)多以“副丞相”曹丕为中心,其五官中郎将官署还专设文学掾。在桓灵之际的清议运动中,儒家的圣贤崇尚与布衣之侠的任侠尚义结合起来,形成积极议政、干政的侠儒之风,对政治的评判权力由此转移至士林。致力于造魏的曹操父子便是顺应这一趋势,以文学交会获取社会声望,并将之转化为政治威望。此外,五官中郎将主导文学活动,还具有“破浮华交会”、管控士林的政治意义。参与文学从游的五官将掾属多由曹操僚属转任而来,邺下从游其实仍处于曹操的监督之下。建安后期的邺下从游深刻地反映了汉魏之际的国家与社会关系:一方面,政权建构须以社会势力的政治认同为前提,另一方面,政权又试图将士林纳入体制。曹魏代汉正是在这一矛盾关系中推进的。

Cao Cao and his sons played a leading role in literary activities conducted in Ye in late Jian’an reign(196—220). Cao family,aspiring to found their own dynasty,translated their literary prestige into political authority. This reflected profound changes taking place in the state-societal relation in Han-Wei transition. The present paper concludes that the reconstruction of state power must be premised on the political consensus of social forces and the gentry class must be incorporated into new political system.