从“伪学”到正学:朱子学说在南宋后期的发展传播与道统的政治建构

Pseudology or Orthodoxy: Dissemination of Zhu Xi’s Teaching and Political Reconstruction of Confucian Orthodoxy in Late Southern Song

在庆元党禁中,朱子学说被视为“伪学”遭到排斥禁锢,但其学术体系并未被摧毁。在学术领域,通过对朱子学说的文本编纂与义理发明,朱熹门人、后学不断扩大朱子学说的社会影响。在政治领域,朱子后学完成了朱熹对帝王之学的建构主张,并通过经筵讲学获得君主认同,确立了朱子学说的正学地位。朱子门人还将道统传承与学祠祭祀紧密结合,在州县学中兴建学祠祭祀朱熹,强化士人学子的道统观,使朱熹作为道统正脉、当代宗师的地位日益凸显。朱子学说在从“伪学”到正学的转变过程中,朱熹门人、后学起到了重要的推动作用。

The teaching developed by Zhu Xi had been denounced false and thus been excluded and even banned.But due to the effort made by Zhu’s disciples and followers,Zhuxism kept growing and finally became orthodoxy renowned for its reconstruction of doctrines of governance and popularity among sovereigns. Moreover,Zhu’s followers made Zhu’s image as the epitome of Confucian orthodoxy and one of the greatest Confucian masters more conspicuous by incorporating successive threads of orthodoxy into Confucian sacrificial ceremonies.