国家公园法应作为自然保护地法体系中的“标杆法”

The National Park Law as the Model Law in the Natural Protected Areas Law System

对自然保护地立法的需要已获共识,但立法顺序和规范分工尚存争议,根源在于国家公园法在自然保护地法体系中的地位不明。国家公园法在自然保护地法体系中具有“标杆法”地位,先行探索的制度创新不仅对后续自然保护地立法具有重要的引领价值,也具有满足自然保护地制度变革需要的现实必要性与可行性。作为“标杆法”的国家公园法具有政策转换与立法标杆功能,能够为后续自然保护地特别法的制定提供直接参照与间接参照,以及为自然保护地基本法规范的形成提供参考。与“标杆法”地位一致,国家公园法需要规定自然保护地领域的基础性规范与综合性规范、可供其他自然保护地类型参照的特殊性规范、仅适用于国家公园的特殊性规范等三类规范。

The need for natural protected areas legislations has been a consensus, but controversy still remains on the sequence of different legislations and the division of legislative tasks. This controversy reflects the unclear status of the National Park Law in the National Protected Areas Law System. The National Park Law should be the “Model Law” in Natural Protected Areas Law System. Its pioneering and innovative legal measures could offer references for subsequent natural protected areas legislations, and also fulfill the urgent needs of natural protected areas system reform. As the “Model Law”, the National Park Law should perform the functions of policy convertor and legislative model, providing direct and indirect references for subsequent special natural protected areas laws, as well as providing basis for forming a basic natural protected areas law. Consistent with the status of the “Model Law”, the National Park Law should stipulate three categories of legal norms: basic norms and comprehensive norms applicable to all types of natural protected areas, special norms with referential value for other types of natural protected area, and special norms only applicable to national parks.