信息公开行政诉讼之权利保护必要性的司法认定

Judicatory identification of the necessity of protecting the right of administrative litigation of information disclosure

《行政诉讼法》《政府信息公开条例》及其司法解释对信息公开行政诉讼权利保护必要性设定的标准有二:一是保护申请人获取政府信息的正当权利;二是个别申请不得过分占用司法、行政资源。目前在司法裁判中,这一必要性的判断依据主要是行政行为对原告权利义务是否产生实际影响和原告是否存在主观恶意。这些判断依据虽基本符合立法的设定,但仍然存在认定标准不统一等问题。因此,信息公开行政诉讼权利保护必要性的司法认定,应当借助指导案例确立个案审查标准,综合判断原告的起诉目的,在裁判中充分说明理由;应当坚持法院在诉讼程序中的中立地位,严格限定审查范围,谨慎行使主动调取证据的职权。

On the necessity of protecting the right of administrative litigation of information disclosure, Laws of Administrative Lawsuit, Stipulations of Administrative Information Disclosure and their legal interpretation have set two standards as follows. The first refers to the just right of protecting the legitimate rights of applicants to obtain government information, and the second means that an individual applicant should not excessively occupy judicial and administrative resources. In the judicial judgment at the present,the judgement standard to grasp this issue mainly lies in whether the administrative act has a practical impact on the rights and obligations of the plaintiff or in whether the plaintiff has subjective malice. Although these judging standards basically conform to the legislative setting, there are still some problems in them such as the inconsistency of the standards of judicial adjudication. Therefore, in judicatory identification of the necessity of protecting the right of administrative litigation of information disclosure, we should establish the standard of case review with the help of guiding cases, comprehensively judge the plaintiff’s purpose of prosecution, and fully explain the reasons in the judgment. In addition, the court should adhere to the neutral position in the proceedings, strictly limit the scope of review, and prudently exercise the power of obtaining evidence on its own initiative.