市场化进程与企业家精神

Marketization Process and Entrepreneurship

在新冠肺炎疫情蔓延和构建双循环新发展格局的背景下,稳就业、促创新等成为热点议题。利用2000—2018年中国省级面板数据检验市场化进程对企业家精神的影响。研究发现:市场化改革有利于提升企业家的创新精神和创业精神。对创新主体和创业主体进行的异质性分析表明,市场化进程对不同创新主体的企业家创新精神和不同创业主体的企业家创业精神影响呈现不同程度效应。企业、高校和科研机构等创新主体在市场化进程中的资源配置效应和激励效应的影响依次减弱;港澳台企业、外商企业、个体、私营企业、混合所有制企业、国有企业、集体企业等创业主体的市场化改革对企业家创业精神的影响依次减弱。行业层面的差异性结果显示,制造业受到市场化进程的影响最大。基于研究结论,提出了应持续推进各地区市场化改革进程,打造公平竞争的市场环境等政策建议。

In the context of the spread of the COVID-19 and the construction of a new development pattern of double circulation,stabilizing employment and promoting innovation have become hot topics.This paper examines the impact of marketization on entrepreneurship by using provincial panel data from 2000 to 2018 in China.The study shows that market-oriented reform is conducive to enhance the innovative spirit and entrepreneurial spirit of entrepreneurs.The heterogeneity analysis of innovation subjects and entrepreneurial subjects shows that the marketization process has different effects on entrepreneurial spirit of different innovation subjects and entrepreneurial spirit of different entrepreneurial subjects.The influence of resource allocation effect and incentive effect of innovative subjects such as enterprises,universities and scientific research institutions in the process of marketization is weakened in turn.The market-oriented reform of enterprises in Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,foreign-funded enterprises,individual,private enterprises,mixed-ownership enterprises,state-owned enterprises,collective enterprises,etc.has weakened the impact on entrepreneurial spirit in turn.The results of differences at the industry level show that the manufacturing industry is most affected by the marketization process.Based on this conclusions,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions,such as continuously promoting the process of market-oriented reform in various regions and creating a market environment for fair competition.