玫瑰套种对土壤养分及杂草的影响

Effects of rose interplanting on soil nutrients and weeds

通过研究苦水玫瑰(Rosa sertata×R.rugosa)套种对土壤养分、玫瑰产量及杂草的影响,为优化苦水玫瑰栽培模式并为规模化种植提供理论依据。共设玫瑰+红豆草(T1)、玫瑰+紫花苜蓿(T2)、玫瑰+鼠尾草(T3)、玫瑰+芝樱和苦水玫瑰单作CK(T5)5个处理,测定各处理土壤的养分含量和含水量、杂草数量、玫瑰花产量。结果表明:苦水玫瑰套种显著提高了土壤养分含量、鲜花产量,降低了杂草数量,与CK相比,T1~T4玫瑰根际及行间的全氮含量增幅为4.29%~40.32%、全磷含量增幅为33.33%~85.71%、速效氮含量增幅为6.16%~53.93%、速效磷含量增幅为10.51%~83.40%、速效钾含量增幅为5.88%~71.43%、有机质含量增幅为3.27%~32.72%、土壤含水率增幅为6.67%~72.96%;总盐含量降低了15.25%~29.35%、pH值降低1.53%~3.64%。T3抑制杂草效果最显著,杂草数减少了100.65%;T2鲜花产量最高,2年分别提高了21.47%和26.98%。套种有益于增加玫瑰根际及行间土壤的养分含量、含水量、抑制杂草并提高玫瑰产量,降低土壤盐碱度。玫瑰+苜蓿(T2)有利于保持土壤的水分和提高鲜花产量;玫瑰+鼠尾草(T4)抑制杂草效果显著,具有一定的推广价值。

This research was to understand the impact of interplanting of Rosa sertata×R.rugosa soil nutrients,rose yield and weeds.The results provided the theoretical basis for optimizing the cultivation mode of Rosa sertata×R.rugosa and for large‐scale planting.The experiment was designed to compare four modes of interplanting:rose+Onobrychis viciaefolia(T1),rose+Lotus corniculatus(T2),rose+Salvia japonica(T3),rose+Edgeworthia chry⁃santha(T4),and rose as CK(T5).The results showed that rose interplanting significantly improved soil nutrients and the yield of flowers,and reduced the quantity of weeds.Compared with CK,T1~T4 significantly improved total nitrogen by 4.29%to 40.32%,total phosphate by 33.33%to 85.71%,available nitrogen from 6.16%to 53.93%,available phosphate from 10.51%to 83.40%,available potassium 5.88%to 71.43%,organic matter from 3.27%to 32.72%,soil moisture content from 6.67%to 72.96%;reduced total salt content by 15.25%to 29.35%,pH value from 1.53%to 3.64%.T3 was most effective to weed suppression and reduced weeds by 100.65%;T2 yielded the highest rose flowers which increased by 21.47%and 26.98%in 2 years.Interplanting was beneficial to increase soil nutrition,water content,inhibit weeds and improve the rose yield,and reduce soil salinity.Rose+Lotus corniculatus(T2)was beneficial to maintain soil moisture and improve flower production;T4 was most effective in weed suppression.