自然杀伤细胞代谢与功能的研究进展

Metabolism and function of NK cells

目的自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cells,简称NK细胞)是体内发挥抗病毒和抗肿瘤效应的重要固有免疫细胞。因其独特的异己识别机制和强大的杀伤功能,可监视清除体内感染和恶变的细胞,且逐渐成为一种理想的免疫治疗工具。代谢是贯穿细胞生命周期的重要生理活动,正常代谢可介导免疫细胞正常功能发挥,而异常代谢可导致其功能失调,甚至引发疾病。鉴于NK细胞的重要应用价值,深入研究NK细胞的代谢调节及机制逐渐受到研究者的重视。现就糖代谢、脂代谢和蛋白质(氨基酸)代谢在NK细胞功能中的作用作一概述,旨在为了解NK细胞代谢现状以及未来研究方向提供参考。

Natural killer(NK)cells are important innate immune cells that exert antiviral and antitumor effects in the body.Attributing to its unique recognition mechanism and powerful killing function,NK cells can monitor and remove infected or malignant cells,and are gradually considered to be an ideal immunotherapy tool.Metabolism is an important physiological activity throughout the cell cycle.Normal metabolism can mediate the normal function of immune cells,while abnormal metabolism can lead to their dysfunction and even disease.In view of the important application value of NK cells,the in-depth study of the metabolic regulation and mechanism of NK cells has gradually attracted researchers’attention.This article will review the role of glucose,lipid and protein(amino acid)metabolism in NK cell biology,providing reference for better understanding the current status of NK cell metabolism and future research directions.