俄罗斯核应急管理体制和技术支持体系分析

Analysis on nuclear emergency management and technical support systems in Russia

俄罗斯是核能应用强国,在核能稳步发展的同时,逐步建立了体系完备、功能完整、运转高效的国家核应急系统,并实现了核应急管理体制与国家应急管理体制的有机结合,采用的是垂直管理模式,具有学习和借鉴的价值。本文首先介绍了俄罗斯核应急管理体制,然后分析了俄罗斯核应急技术支持体系,最后从应急管理机制、突发事件的预警与监测、信息与资源共享、技术体系能力建设等几个方面阐述了对我国核应急响应技术能力建设与发展的若干启示与思考。

With the steady development of nuclear power,Russia has gradually established a complete,fully functional and highly efficient national nuclear emergency response system which is well integrated with national emergency management system in Russia.The vertical management model in Russia could provide good reference for the emergency management in China.This paper describes the nuclear emergency management system in Russia,and conducts a preliminary analysis on technical support systems of nuclear emergency.Finally,the inspiration and reference for the establishment and development of nuclear emergency response technology in China are analyzed from several aspects of emergency management system,including pre-warning and monitoring system,information and resource sharing as well as capacity building of technological system.