专利权利要求解释规则的重构

Reconstruction of Patent Claim Interpretation Rules

对专利权保护范围进行准确界定是专利制度的核心问题,鉴于我国立法的原则性以及司法解释的非体系性,专利权利要求的解释成为当事人争议的焦点和司法的难点。专利权保护建立在对价理论基础之上,只有相对于现有技术具有新颖性、创造性以及实用性的技术方案,方有资格获得保护,而且必须遵循说明书充分公开换取专利保护的对价机制。现行司法解释构建的权利要求解释规则类似合同文本的解释方法,脱离专利权本质,必须在对价理论基础上重构权利要求解释规则,专利对价解释规则是基于对价理论所构建的特有的解释规则,解释过程需要将技术、创新与法律高度融合,对违背发明目的或不符合授权实质要件的技术方案不应当纳入权利要求解释的范围。整体解释规则将专利文本视为整体,运用文义解释、内部证据优先等解释方法探寻申请人的真实意思表示,实现客观表达与主观意思的高度统一。在特定条件下,借助说明书披露的实施例来解释权利要求的用语,也是维护专利对价理论的体现。

Accurately defining the scope of patent protection is the core issue of the patent system.In view of the prin⁃cipled nature of our country's legislation and the non-systematic nature of judicial interpretation,the interpretation of patent claims has become the focus of disputes between the parties and the difficulty of the judiciary.Patent protection is based on the theory of consideration.Only technical solutions that are novel,creative,and practical compared to the existing technology are eligible for protection,and the consideration mechanism in which the description is fully dis⁃closed in exchange for patent protection must be followed.The claim interpretation rules constructed by the current ju⁃dicial interpretation are similar to the interpretation methods of contract texts,which are divorced from the essence of patent rights.The claim interpretation rules must be reconstructed on the basis of the consideration theory.The patent consideration interpretation rules are unique interpretation rules based on the consideration theory.The interpretation process requires a high degree of integration of technology,innovation and law,and technical solutions that violate the purpose of the invention or do not meet the essential requirements of authorization should not be included in the scope of claim interpretation.The overall interpretation rule regards the patent text as a whole,and uses interpretation meth⁃ods such as literal interpretation,internal evidence priority and other interpretation methods to explore the applicant's true expression of intention,so as to achieve a high degree of unity between objective expression and subjective mean⁃ing.Under certain conditions,using the embodiments disclosed in the specification to interpret the terms of the claims is also an embodiment of maintaining the patent consideration theory.