个人数据交易中知情同意规则的破局与重构

Breaking and Reconstruction of Informed Consent Rules in Personal Data Transactions

我国立法形成“信息”和“数据”彼此分离的二元架构,知情同意规则在个人数据交易场景留白。但匿名化处理本身即为伪命题,数据与个体人格利益无涉的观念有失偏颇,因此个人数据交易场景迫切祈盼知情同意规则的出台和落地。现有的知情同意规制秉持强控制态度,构建思路和规则内容与个人数据交易模式不适配。为此,应当放弃“个人利益为第一优先级”的立场,由片面强调个体责任转向多重主体规制模式,将“形式知情和实际知情”并轨,引入“弱同意”模型,构建多责任主体的数据保护体系,实现个人数据交易和个人权益之间的动态平衡。

China's legislation has formed a binary structure in which"information"and"data"are separated from each other,and the informed consent rule is left blank in the scene of personal data transactions.However,anonymization it⁃self is a false proposition,and the idea that data has nothing to do with individual personality interests is biased.There⁃fore,the personal data transaction scenario urgently hopes for the introduction and implementation of the informed con⁃sent rule.The existing informed consent regulation has a strong control attitude,and the construction ideas and rules are not suitable for the data transaction mode.Therefore,we should abandon the position that"personal interests are the first priority",shift from one-sided emphasis on individual responsibility to the multi-agent regulation mode,com⁃bine"formal knowledge and actual knowledge",introduce the"weak consent"model,build a data protection system with multi-agent responsibility,and realize the dynamic balance between personal data transactions and personal rights and interests.