19世纪40—70年代“华夷观”转变中的伦理道德因素

Ethic Factors in Transformation of Huayi Concept in the 1840s-1870s

19世纪40—70年代是中西方交往中“华夷观”的剧烈冲突时期,也是其转变的关键时期。以19世纪60年代为界限,之前国人以中国传统伦理道德为标准来观察和衡量西方;60年代以后,随着中西交往的增多,加之出洋华人的理性观察,接受了西学的士人开始客观理性看待西方伦理道德观念,对西方伦理道德观念也不再视作“洪水猛兽”。“鬼子大人”这一称呼诠释了当时中国人心目中双方伦理道德观念的“夷”与“华”的具象,即西方文化有别于中国文化,但是有些方面则被中国人认可和接纳。

The 1840s-1870s is the period of severe conflict of“Huayi concept”in Chinese and Western association,and is also the key period of its transformation.Before the 1860s,Chinese people used the traditional Chinese ethic standards to observe and measure the West.After the 1860s,with the increase of Chinese and Western association and the rational observation of Chinese people going abroad,some scholars having accepted Western learning began to regard the Western ethic concept objectively and rationally,and didn t consider it as“great disaster”.The appellation of“devils”accounted for the visualization of“Hua(Chinese)”and“Yi(non-Chinese)”of Chinese and Western ethic concept in the mind of Chinese people,that is,the Western culture being different from Chinese culture,and some aspects having been accepted and adopted by Chinese people.