中药调控神经干细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病的作用机制

Action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine to regulate neural stem cells in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

背景:神经干细胞具有修复和代替受损神经细胞、刺激神经发生、重建细胞环路、抑制细胞凋亡的作用,治疗阿尔茨海默病的效果良好,中药在调控神经干细胞增殖、分化及提高神经细胞活力与细胞生存率等方面亦存在显著疗效。目的:综述中药调控神经干细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病的机制,以期为阿尔茨海默病的新药研究及治疗提供参考。方法:检索万方、CNKI、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库2010-2022年期间关于中药调控神经干细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病的文献,以“神经干细胞,中药,阿尔茨海默病”为中文检索词,以“neural stem cells(NSCs),Alzheimer’s disease,Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)”为英文检索词。排除陈旧及重复的观点,将检索到的文献进行分析整理,共纳入121篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:①梳理了神经干细胞、阿尔茨海默病的定义及发病机制;②总结了中药调控神经干细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病的作用机制,主要包括促进神经干细胞增殖、改善脑内微环境、抑制神经细胞凋亡、诱导神经干细胞向神经元分化、改善神经炎症、调控血管神经单元;③通过现有的研究总结了中药调控神经干细胞治疗阿尔茨海默病的相关因子及信号通路,如Nestin蛋白、微管相关蛋白、脑源性神经营养因子、血管内皮生长因子及Notch信号通路、P13k/Akt信号通路、脑源性神经营养因子/TrkB信号通路和Wnt/β-catenin信号通路等,为今后阿尔茨海默病特效药物及新治疗方法的研究提供相关参考。

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cells have the effect of repairing,replacing damaged nerve cells,stimulating neurogenesis,rebuilding cell circuits,inhibiting apoptosis,and have shown a good therapeutic effect in the study of Alzheimer’s disease.Traditional Chinese medicine also has significant efficacy on regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and improving nerve cell viability and cell survival.OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine regulating neural stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease,so as to provide a reference for the research and treatment of new drugs for Alzheimer’s disease.METHODS:The articles on Wanfang,CNKI,PubMed,Web of Science and other databases about neural stem cell regulated by traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease from 2010 to 2022 were searched,with“neural stem cells,traditional Chinese medicine,Alzheimer’s disease”as the key words in Chinese and English.The outdated and repetitive viewpoints were excluded,and the retrieved articles were analyzed and sorted out,and a total of 121 articles were included for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The definition and pathogenesis of neural stem cells and Alzheimer’s disease were sorted out.(2)The mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating neural stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease was summarized,mainly including promoting the proliferation of neural stem cells,improving the microenvironment in the brain,inhibiting the apoptosis of nerve cells,inducing neural stem cell differentiation into neurons,improving neuroinflammation,and regulating vascular nerve units.(3)Through the existing research,the relevant factors and signaling pathways of traditional Chinese medicine to regulate neural stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease were summarized,such as Nestin protein,microtubule-associated protein,cerebrogenic neurotrophic factor,vascular endothelial growth factor and Notch signal pathway,P13k/Akt signaling pathway,brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB signaling pathway,and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.It may provide a relevant reference for the future research on new drugs for Alzheimer’s disease and new clinical treatment methods.