西南林区水电移民安置区农户生计资本与生计稳定性耦合协调分析——以四川西部地区为例

Coupling Coordination Analysis of Livelihood Capital and Livelihood Stability of Farmers in the Hydropower Resettlement Area of the Southwest Forest Region——Taking the Western Regions in Sichuan Province as an Example

西南林区对于我国生态建设和水电开发具有双重战略重要性,深入研究区域内水电移民安置区农户生计资本与生计稳定性耦合协调,对统筹推进西南林区农户生计发展、生态建设、水电开发具有重要现实意义。文章以西南林区的四川西部地区为例,选取并构建生计指标体系以及生计稳定性指数,分析移民与非移民的生计资本、生计稳定性以及二者的耦合程度。结果表明:(1)水电移民安置区农户生计资本发展失衡,金融资本、人力资本、物质资本、社会资本、自然资本指标分别是0.700、0.583、0.452、0.416、0.153,移民与非移民的生计资本差异较大。(2)水电移民安置区农户生计稳定性为0.464,处于中下水平,可供安置区农户选择的生计策略单一,收入二元性导致对农业收入以及非农收入的依赖性较强,而非移民生计稳定性较移民高出0.111,原住民具有更多的生计策略选择以及多元的收入来源。(3)水电移民安置区农户生计耦合协调度为0.659,处于中级协调状态,安置区农户生计资本与生计稳定性协调发展处于一般水平;移民生计耦合协调度为0.590,处于初级协调状态;非移民生计耦合协调度为0.685,处于中级协调状态。移民相较于非移民而言,生计资本增长与生计稳定性发展脱钩程度较深,容易遭受潜在的生计风险导致生计脆弱性。基于研究结论与讨论,文章提出加大西南林区水电移民安置区农户生计扶持、加快西南林区水电移民安置区经济发展、加强水电移民后续扶持力度等政策启示。

The southwest forest region is of dual strategic importance for ecological construction and hydropower development in China,and a study on the coupling coordination of livelihood capital and livelihood stability of farmers in hydropower resettlement area in its region is of great practical significance for the integrated promotion of livelihood development, ecological construction and hydropower development of farmers in the southwest forest region. This paper took the western regions in Sichuan Province as an example, selected and constructed a livelihood indicator system and a livelihood stability index to analyze the livelihood capital, livelihood stability and the degree of coupling between migrants and non-migrant. The results showed that:(1)The development of the livelihood capital of farmers in the hydropower resettlement area was unbalanced. The financial capital, human capital, material capital, social capital and natural capital were 0.700, 0.583, 0.452, 0.416 and 0.153 respectively. The livelihood capital of migrants and non-migrants was quite different.(2)The livelihood stability of farmers in the hydropower resettlement area was 0.464, which was at the lower middle level. The livelihood strategies available for farmers in the resettlement area were single. The duality of income leaded to a strong dependence on agricultural income and non-agricultural income, while the livelihood stability of non-immigrants was 0.111 higher than that of immigrants. Indigenous residents had more choices of livelihood strategies and diverse sources of income.(3)The coupling coordination degree of farmers’ livelihoods in the hydropower resettlement area was 0.659, which was in the intermediate coordination state, and the coordinated development of farmers’ livelihood capital and livelihood stability in the resettlement area was at the general level. Compared with non-immigrants, immigrants were deeply decoupled from the growth of livelihood capital and the development of livelihood stability,and were vulnerable to potential livelihood risks, resulting in livelihood vulnerability. Based on the findings and discussion, the article proposed policy recommendations to increase livelihood support, accelerate economic development and strengthen follow-up support for hydropower migrants in the hydropower resettlement area of the southwest forest region.