高性能计算机冷却技术综述

Review of High Performance Computer Cooling Technology

高性能计算机的冷却,多年来一直是热控技术领域的研究热点。本文综合行业动态,介绍了高性能计算机多种冷却技术,从早期应用的各种冷却方式,到后来常用热管散热器强制风冷,到近期应用热点技术包括液冷、间接蒸发冷却等,并介绍了相关技术的应用和性能状况。为应对未来更高功率芯片冷却以及节能环保需求,一方面可以研究强化液冷、微通道冷却、相变冷却、蒸发腔等高热流密度冷却技术的复合应用,另一方面可以结合系统设计优化、智能控制等手段实现节能目标。

The cooling of high performance computer has been a hot research topic in the field of thermal control technology for many years. In this paper, a variety of cooling technologies for high-performance computers are introduced, including various cooling methods in early application, forced air cooling with heat pipe radiator, and hot technologies in recent application, including liquid cooling and indirect evaporative cooling. In order to meet the requirement of higher power chip cooling and energy conservation and environmental protection in the future, hot technologies including immersion cooling, indirect evaporative cooling, etc., and introduces the application of related technologies and performance status. In order to meet the needs of higher power chip cooling and energy saving and environmental protection in the future, on the one hand, the composite application of high heat flux cooling technologies such as enhanced liquid cooling, microchannel cooling, phase change cooling, and evaporation chamber can be studied, and on the other hand, the energy conservation goal can be achieved by combining with system design optimization and intelligent control.