元宇宙下数字版权的治理:机遇、挑战与应对

The Governance of Digital Copyright in the Metaverse:Opportunities,Challenges and Responses

元宇宙是运用区块链、人工智能、大数据等高新数字技术创造出的虚拟世界,其构建的虚实融合场景不仅拓宽了人们活动的维度空间,也使相关作品具有多元性与经济性特征,进而对数字版权产生多重影响。一方面,元宇宙能充分发挥数字版权公共知识服务的作用,有助于版权保护与利益分配,推动版权产业结构转型升级;另一方面,也需要面对元宇宙相关作品版权所属类型界定不明、合理使用范围尚未明确、作品来源难以认定以及可能诱发的侵权风险等难题。鉴于此,为实现对元宇宙相关作品数字版权的有效治理,可以从界定虚拟现实作品为视听作品并将其相关版权划入传统版权分类,文本和数据收集、复制行为适度扩张为合理使用,采取包容审慎的治理方式三个层面出发进行相应的法律规制。

Metaverse is a virtual world created by using blockchain,artificial intelligence,big data and other high-tech digital technologies.The virtual-real fusion scene constructed by it not only widens the dimensional space of people's activities,but also makes related works have the characteristics of diversity and economy,which further has multiple impacts on digital copyright.On the one hand,metaverse gives full play to the role of digital copyright in public knowledge service,which is also conducive to copyright protection and benefit distribution,and promotes the transformation and upgrading of copyright industrial structure;on the other hand,there are still some problems such as the type of copyright of metaverse related works and the scope of their reasonable use are not clearly defined,the source of works is hard to identify,and the infringement risks might happen.To effectively govern digital copyrights of metaverse related works,we can carry out corresponding legal regulations through defining virtual reality works as audio-visual works and classify their related copyrights into traditional copyright,appropriately expanding the text and data collection and reproduction behavior into reasonable use,and adopting an inclusive and prudent governance approach.