哈贝马斯现代性哲学的两个出发点

Two Starting Points of Habermas’ Modernity Philosophy

现代性问题指自欧洲启蒙运动以来现代社会中人们所面临的精神困境,表现为人自身价值的空虚和存在意义的缺乏感。基于以往哲学家关于现代性问题研究的反思和语言学的转向,哈贝马斯从交往维度重建了现代性哲学。哈贝马斯高度称赞黑格尔将现代性问题上升到哲学层面,但指出其因困在意识哲学的范式中而并未真正解决现代性问题;他吸收了韦伯的合理性概念,同时对其错误认知做出纠正。哈贝马斯试图通过交往行为理论,用主体间的商谈伦理学构建现代性新的规范性基础。

Modernity refers to the spiritual dilemma faced by people in modern society since the European Enlightenment,which is manifested in the emptiness of human’s own value and the lack of sense of existence.Based on the reflection of philosophers on the study of modernity and the turn of linguistics,Habermas reconstructed the philosophy of modernity from the perspective of communication.Habermas highly praised Hegel for raising the issue of modernity to the philosophical level,but pointed out that he had not really solved the issue of modernity because he was trapped in the paradigm of philosophy of consciousness.He absorbed Weber’s concept of rationality and corrected his wrong cognition.Habermas tried to build a new normative foundation of modernity with the ethics of negotiation between subjects through the theory of communicative behavior.