沉积盆地构造核心理论和关键技术方法:前沿与发展方向

Core theories of sedimentary basin structure and the related key research techniques:Frontiers and development directions

系统分析前人在沉积盆地构造研究的基础上,论文总结了沉积盆地构造核心理论和关键技术方法的前沿与发展方向。沉积盆地构造核心理论包括盆地分类理论、成盆机制理论、变形定量分析理论和盆地充填过程理论。盆地分类理论是依据不同分类标准建立盆地分类方案,其发展趋势是基于资源与构造背景的原型盆地分类和基于盆地演化的叠合盆地分类;成盆机制理论是定量模拟不同作用机制下(纯热机制、构造作用、负载作用)盆地沉降过程及其控制因素,其发展趋势是三维成盆动力学模拟;变形定量分析理论包括断层相关褶皱理论、临界楔理论和盐构造理论,其发展趋势是三维构造建模与三维定量变形分析;盆地充填过程理论主要开展不同构造成因盆地的充填过程对比与盆山过程的源汇分析,其发展趋势是多元源汇分析与定量化盆地分析。沉积盆地构造关键前沿技术包括三维构造建模技术、构造物理模拟与数值模拟技术和基于三维构造恢复的裂缝预测技术。构造物理模拟技术包括了基于工业CT扫描成像物理模拟技术:可以无损动态监测构造带内部变形演化过程,精确构建变形带三维空间展布形态;基于PIV的有限应变分析的物理模拟技术:可以定量分析变形的演化过程,直观展示应变分布特征,探讨构造应变动态分布规律;基于超重力离心机的构造物理模拟技术:可以模拟不同尺度构造流变过程,探讨岩石圈浅层脆性变形与深层韧性流变之间的动力学机制。

On the basis of a systematic literature review of structural analysis of sedimentary basins,this paper summarizes the frontiers and development directions of the core theories of sedimentary basin structure and the related key research techniques.The core theories of sedimentary basin structure include theories on basin classification,basin-forming mechanism,quantitative deformation analysis,and basin filling process.Basin classification theory concerns with establishing basin classification schemes according to different classification criteria,and the development trend is to classify prototype basins based on resource and tectonic background while classify superimposed basins based on basin evolution.Theory of basin-forming mechanism is primarily based on quantitative simulation to study the basin subsidence process and its controlling factors under different mechanisms(pure thermal mechanism,tectonism,loading effect),and the development trend calls for three-dimensional formation dynamics simulation.Quantitative deformation analysis includes the theories of fault-related fold,critical wedge and salt tectonics,and the development trend is three-dimensional structural modeling and three-dimensional quantitative deformation analysis.Lastly,the theory of basin filling process emphasizes on the comparison of filling processes between basins with different tectonic settings and source-sink analysis of basin-orogeny processes,and the development trend is to incorporate multivariate source-sink analysis and quantitative basin analysis.The key frontier techniques for studying sedimentary basin tectonics include three-dimensional structural modeling,physical analog modeling,numerical simulation,and fracture prediction based on three-dimensional structural restoration.The techniques of physical analog modeling includes:modeling based on industrial CT scan imaging which can dynamically monitor,damage-free,the deformation evolutionary process inside the structural belt and accurately construct the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the deformation belt;modeling based on PIV finite strain analysis which can quantitatively analyze the deformation evolutionary process,intuitively display the strain distribution characteristics,and explore the rules of dynamic strain distribution;and modeling with hypergravity field which can simulate the structural rheological process at different scales and explore the dynamic mechanistic relationship between brittle deformation in shallow lithosphere and ductile rheology in deep lithosphere.