论自然犯的当代价值及其实现路径

On Natural Crimes:The Significance of and Approach to Exploring Their Contemporary Legislative Value

在“法定犯时代”背景之下,我国刑法典中的自然犯处于尴尬的境地,其数量已经是相对少数,且自然犯与法定犯一体化的立法模式状况百出,而法定犯自身在多个层面上也存在不足。在此背景下,挖掘自然犯的价值有其现实意义,自然犯能够帮助维护和强化社会的基本道德,为公众提供刑法权威的心理支撑,而且为法定犯的入罪与刑罚设置提供基准。为了巩固自然犯的价值,实行立法双轨制是必要的选择。立法双轨制不但能够保持自然犯刑法典的稳定,还能够为公众在心理上区分自然犯和法定犯奠定基础,避免人们因为对于自然犯的憎恶而迁怒于法定犯,从而导致重刑化倾向,侵害国民的自由与权益。采取立法双轨制能够为现行刑事立法模式提供一条新的建构性进路。

Under the background of“legal crime era”,natural crimes specified in our criminal code are in an embarrassing situation and have become comparatively smaller in number.Moreover,the legislative model of the integration of natural crimes and legal crimes is full of drawbacks,and the definition and determination of legal crime itself has shortcomings in many aspects.In this situation,it is of practical significance to explore the legislative value of natural crimes,which can help maintain and strengthen the basic morality of society,provide the public with psychological support for the authority of criminal law,and offer a benchmark for determining the conviction and punishment of legal crimes.In order to consolidate the value of natural crimes,it is necessary to implement a dual-track legislative system.This system can not only maintain the stability of the criminal code of natural offenders,but also provide a basis for the public to psychologically distinguish natural crimes from legal crimes.This distinction can help prevent people from transferring their loathing of natural crimes to legal crimes,which will lead to heavy penalties in legislation and infringe upon the freedom and rights of the people.Therefore,adopting the dual-track legislative system can provide a new constructive approach for the current criminal legislative model.