公司越权担保的法律规制及债权人的审查责任

The Legal Regulation of the Company's Ultra Vires Guarantee and the Creditor's Review Responsibility

越权原则是公司治理的基本原则。公司越权对外担保的效力问题是公司法、合同法共同面临的重要问题,理论和实务争议较大,需要立法、司法规制。我国现行法律、司法解释和司法实践确立公司越权对外担保“有效为原则,无效为例外”的效力认定规则,其核心是判断债权人对公司越权担保是否尽到审查责任。债权人构成善意的,担保合同有效,否则担保合同无效。公司章程是债权人审查公司对外担保决议是否合规的基本依据,债权人对公司对外担保决议仅负形式审查义务。

Ultra vires doctrine is the basic doctrine in corporate governance.The validity of corporate ultra vires guarantee is an important issue in the fields of company law and contract law,also a controversial issue in theory and in judicial practice,therefore needs regulations in legislation and judicial practice.According to Chinese law,judicial interpretations,and judicial practice,It is an established rule that corporate ultra vires guarantee is legally valid,unless under certain circumstances.The main issue here is to decide whether the creditor has fulfilled its duty of reasonable review.If the creditor is in good faith,the guarantee contract is valid,otherwise invalid.The creditor should review the guarantor's resolution and make sure it is in compliance with the guarantor's articles of association,but only holds liability for formal review.