黄土高原休闲期保护性耕作对冬小麦产量的Meta分析

Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Conservation Tillage above the Loess Plateau during Leisure Period on Winter Wheat Yield

为定量分析黄土高原休闲期保护性耕作对冬小麦产量和产量组成的影响效应,寻求黄土高原冬小麦适宜的耕作方式。通过国内外文献数据库,以传统耕作方式为对照,检索黄土高原休闲期免耕和深松对冬小麦产量和产量组成的影响方面的文献,共获得33篇大田试验文献和1926组试验数据。提取文献中不同区域、年均气温、年降雨量、休闲期降雨量、生育期降雨量和施氮量等数据,使用Meta分析方法定量化描述产量组成效应。与传统耕作方式相比,免耕对冬小麦产量呈现显著减产效应,整体降低4.66%,主要体现在穗数的降低。相反,深松对冬小麦产量呈现显著增产效应,整体增加12.17%,体现在穗数显著增加8.68%,穗粒数显著增加3.81%和千粒重显著增加2.50%。年均气温和年降雨量等气候差异对深松冬小麦产量影响较小。在施氮量介于150~225 kg/hm^(2)的区域,深松冬小麦增产效应最显著,产量增加13.62%。休闲期深松的耕作模式是黄土高原冬小麦的适宜耕作方式,在冬小麦生长过程中150至225 kg/hm^(2)的施氮量有利于冬小麦的产量进一步提高。

In order to quantitatively analyze the effects of conservation tillage on winter wheat yield and yield composition in the fallow period of the Loess Plateau,the suitable tillage methods for winter wheat in the Loess Plateau were sought.Based on the domestic and foreign literature databases,and compared with the traditional tillage methods,33 field experimental literatures and 1926 groups of experimental data were obtained by searching the literatures on the effects of no-tillage and deep-tillage on the yield and yield composition of winter wheat in the fallow period of the Loess Plateau.The data of different regions,average annual temperature,annual rainfall,rainfall in fallow period,rainfall in growth period and nitrogen application amount in the literature were extracted,and the yield composition effect was quantitatively described using the meta analysis method.Compared with traditional tillage,no-tillage has a significant yield reduction effect on winter wheat,with an overall decrease of 4.66%,mainly reflected in the reduction of spike number.On the contrary,deep-tillage had a significant yield increase effect on winter wheat,with an overall increase of 12.17%,which was reflected in a significant increase of 8.68%in the number of ears,3.81%in the number of grains per ear and 2.50%in the weight of 1000 grains.Climate differences such as annual average temperature and annual rainfall have little impact on the yield of deep-tillage winter wheat.In the area of 150~225 kg/hm^(2) of nitrogen application,the yield increase effect of deep-tillage winter wheat is the most significant,with the yield increase of 13.62%.The tillage mode of subsoiling in the leisure period is the suitable tillage method for winter wheat on the Loess Plateau,the nitrogen application rate of 150~225 kg/hm^(2) was beneficial to further increase yield during the growth of winter wheat.