牛粪秸秆堆肥替代20%全量化肥对小麦产量及品质的影响

Effects of Cattle Manure and Wheat Straw Compost Instead of 20%of Total Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Wheat

连续2季(2018—2019、2019—2020年)研究了牛粪秸秆堆肥在6000(M1-20%F)、9000 kg/hm(2 M2-20%F)施用量时替代20%全量化肥后对小麦产量及品质的影响,以单施化肥(CK-F)为对照,同时设不施肥对照(CK-F0)处理。结果表明,小麦季牛粪秸秆堆肥替代20%全量化肥第1季增产,第2季略有减产;籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量当季略有提高,第2季显著下降,蛋白质含量大小依次为CK-F(14.97 g/100 g)>M1-20%F(13.40 g/100 g)>M2-20%F(12.85 g/100 g)>CK-F0(11.25 g/100 g),湿面筋含量大小依次为CK-F(30.80%)>M1-20%F(29.45%)>M2-20%F(27.90%)>CK-F0(24.50%)。牛粪秸秆堆肥替代20%全量化肥后小麦籽粒含水量、容重、面粉吸水量、形成时间增加,其中形成时间第2季显著增加,依次为M1-20%F(5.35 min)>M2-20%F(5.10 min)>CK-F0(4.10 min)>CK-F(3.90 min);出粉率、面粉能量值下降,出粉率第2季显著下降;恒定变形拉伸阻力、最大拉伸阻力、稳定时间当季减小,第2季增加,其中第2季稳定时间显著增加,弱化度、延伸性当季增加,第2季下降。总之,小麦当季牛粪秸秆堆肥替代20%全量化肥是可行的,能够保证产量和品质;第2季替代会造成其产量和品质的下降。

In this study,the effects of cattle manure and wheat straw compost,which was applied at 6000(M1-20%F)and 9000(M2-20%F)kg/ha,respectively,instead of 20%of total chemical fertilizer on quality of wheat during the first season(2018-2019)and the second season(2019-2020)were studied.Single chemical fertilizer application treatment was taken as CK-F,and also none fertilizer treatment was set as CK-F0.The results showed that the treatment for cattle manure and wheat straw compost instead of 20%of total chemical fertilizer could increase wheat yield in the first season(2018-2019)and decrease wheat yield slightly in the second season(2019-2020).Both grain protein content and gluten content under the compost treatments were improved slightly in the first season and significantly reduced in the second season;the order of the grain protein content in the second season was as following:CK-F(14.97)>M1-20%F(13.40)>M2-20%F(12.85)>CK-F0(11.25),and the order of gluten content in the second season was as following:CK-F(30.80)>M1-20%F(29.45)>M2-20%F(27.90)>CK-F0(24.50),respectively.Under the treatment of cattle manure and wheat straw compost instead of total chemical fertilizer,grain water content,bulk density of grain,water absorption of flour,and development time of dough increased,and the development time of dough significantly increased in the second season,the order of the value in the treatments was as following:M1-20%F(5.35)>M2-20%F(5.10)>CK-F0(4.10)>CK-F(3.90).The values of both the ration of flour and energy of flour decreased,especially the ration of flour significantly decreased in the second season.However,the values of the constant deformation tensile resistance,maximum tensile resistance,and stability time of dough decreased in the first season and increased in the second season;moreover,the stability time of dough significantly increased.On the contrary,the values of the softening degree of dough and extensibility increased in the first season and decreased in the second season.In a word,cattle manure and wheat straw compost instead of 20%of total chemical fertilizer in the current season could be feasible and guarantee yield and quality,but it could lead to decrease of yield and quality in the second season.