1990—2020年河北省鼠疫自然疫源地长爪沙鼠体蚤和巢蚤数量分析

Analyses on the quantity of body fleas and nest fleas of Meriones unguiculatus in the plague natural foci in Hebei Province from 1990 to 2020

目的 研究1990—2020年河北省鼠疫自然疫源地长爪沙鼠体蚤和巢蚤数量变化规律,为动物间鼠疫防控提供依据。方法 整理1990—2020年河北省鼠疫自然疫源地媒介监测数据,使用SPSS软件、描述流行病学方法对长爪沙鼠体蚤、巢蚤动态变化进行统计分析。结果 1990—2020年共检获长爪沙鼠体蚤3 855只、巢蚤4 534只,其中秃病蚤蒙冀亚种和方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种总占比分别为36.99%和30.23%。体蚤指数为0.07~1.58、染蚤率为4.47%~56.92%;巢蚤指数为0.41~4.07,染蚤率为17.12%~64.58%;巢蚤指数大于体蚤指数(u=5.51,P<0.001)。长爪沙鼠体蚤和巢蚤指数与染蚤率正相关(P<0.001),长爪沙鼠体蚤和巢蚤指数与秃病蚤蒙冀亚种指数正相关(P<0.05)。结论 秃病蚤蒙冀亚种和方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种为河北省鼠疫自然疫源地长爪沙鼠寄生蚤优势种。长爪沙鼠体蚤和巢蚤指数升高是动物间鼠疫流行的危险因素,对动物间鼠疫流行起协同推进作用。

Objective To study the variation of body fleas and nest fleas of Meriones unguiculatus in the plague natural foci in Hebei Province from 1990 to 2020,and to provide evidence for animal plague prevention and control.Methods The data of vector surveillance in the plague natural foci in Hebei Province from 1990 to 2020 was processed with SPSS software and descriptive epidemiological method for statistically analyses of dynamics of body fleas and nest fleas of Meriones unguiculatus.Results There were 3 855 body fleas and 4 534 nest fleas of Meriones unguiculatus seized from 1990 to 2020,with Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi accounting for 36.99% and Cilellophilus tesquorum mongolicus accounting for 30.23%.The indexes of body flea were 0.07-1.58 and the flea infection rates were 4.47%-56.92%.The indexes of nest flea were 0.41-4.07 and the flea infection rates were 17.12%-64.58%.The nest flea index was higher than the body flea index(u=5.51,P<0.001).The body flea and nest flea index of Meriones unguiculatus were positively correlated with the flea infection rate(P<0.001).The index of body flea and nest flea of Meriones unguiculatus was positively correlated with the index of Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi(P<0.05).Conclusion Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi and Cilellophilus tesquorum mongolicus are the dominant species of parasitic fleas of Meriones unguiculatus in the plague natural foci in Hebei Province.The increase of the body flea and nest flea index of Meriones unguiculatus is a risk factor for animal plague epidemic and plays a synergistic role in animal plague epidemic.