舟山市岱山县鼠类种群结构及携带病原体初步调查

Investigation of rodent-borne pathogens and population structure in Daishan County of Zhoushan City

目的 了解浙江省舟山海岛岱山县鼠类种群结构及其携带的病原体情况,为当地鼠传疾病的防控提供依据。方法 采用捕鼠笼进行捕鼠,处死后解剖各类脏器,用PCR法扩增线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I基因,测序后进行序列比对并构建系统发育树,分析种群遗传多样性和种群结构。用荧光定量PCR法对钩端螺旋体、莫氏立克次体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体、巴尔通体、恙虫病东方体、土拉弗朗西斯菌、汉坦病毒、新型布尼亚病毒8种病原体进行检测。结果 本次调查共捕获鼠类22只,其中褐家鼠14只,黄胸鼠8只,系统发育树分析表明褐家鼠可分为两个亚组(种群A和B),错配分布分析和中性检验分析提示种群A表现出种群扩张的可能。褐家鼠病原体检测结果为汉坦病毒及钩端螺旋体阳性,且阳性率均为13.6%,但未检测到其余6种病原体;黄胸鼠未检测到上述8种病原体。结论 此次在岱山本岛检获的褐家鼠体内检测到汉坦病毒及钩端螺旋体,且当地褐家鼠种群与中国大陆地区流行的种群高度同源,并存在种群扩张的可能,需要结合当地实际情况深入调查,并对其可能引起的肾综合征出血热及钩体病传播加强监控和预防措施。

Objective To learn the rodents’ population structure and rodent-borne pathogens in Daishan County of Zhoushan City, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases.Methods Rodents were captured by traps and dissected, and subsequently, the liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of the rodents were collected.Fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene were amplified and sequenced for identification of rodents species, as well as evolutionary analysis, genetic diversity, and population structure analysis.Eight target pathogens, including the Leptospira,Rickettsia typhi,Anaplasma phagocytophilum,Bartonella,Orientia tsutsugamushi,Francisella tularensis,Hantavirus and new bunia virus, were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results A total of 22 rodents were captured, of which 14 were Rattus norvegicus and 8 were Rattus tanezumi.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that R.norvegicus could be divided into two subgroups(population A and B).Mismatch distribution analysis and neutral test analysis suggested that population A exhibited the possibility of population expansion.Hantavirus and Leptospira were detected in the rodents and the positive rate was 13.6% for each pathogen.Both pathogens were found only in Rattus norvegicus.Conclusion Hantavirus and Leptospira were both detected in the Rattus norvegicus seized on the island of Daishan.The population of Rattus norvegicus is highly homologous with the population in China mainland, and there is a possibility of population expansion.An in-depth investigation in line with the local conditions should be conducted and the surveillance and prevention for the possible transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and leptospirosis should be strengthened.