摘要
针对生态环境损害,我国逐步形成了环境民事公益诉讼、环境行政公益诉讼和生态环境损害赔偿诉讼“三诉并行”的司法救济体系,旨在为生态环境公共利益提供全方位保护与监督。在生态环境损害司法救济体系的发展过程中,不同诉讼制度性质界分的论争和适用范围的扩张渗透、行政机关与司法机关的职能错位、检察机关公益诉权的内容模糊等问题逐渐暴露出其面临的内生困境,亟须作出精细化和系统化的规范设计。为此,应基于权利(权力)与义务的衡量,重新审视主体的角色功能和权责分配,合理设置不同诉讼制度的适用位序;基于制度功能的考察,根据“风险预防”“损害填补”“法律监督”等不同功能面向划定“三诉”各自的适用范围;同时,通过强化不同诉讼制度间的互动关系,确保体系性协同,从而构建层层递进的生态环境损害司法救济体系。
In view of eco-environmental damage, China has gradually formed a judicial relief system of environmental civil public interest litigation, environmental administrative public interest litigation and eco-environmental damage compensation litigation, aiming to provide multi-directional protection and supervision for the ecological and environmental public interests.In the development of the judicial relief system for damage to ecological environment, the debate on the nature of different litigation systems, the expansion and infiltration of the scope of application, the dislocation of functions between administrative and judicial organs, and the ambiguity of thecontent of procuratorial organs’ right of public interest litigation have gradually exposed their endogenous dilemma, so there is an urgent need to make a refined and systematic normative design.For this reason, based on the measurement of rights(power) and obligations, we should re-examine the role function and the distribution of rights and responsibilities of the subject, and reasonably set up the applicable order of different litigation systems.Based on the investigation of the function of the system, according to different functions such as "risk prevention", "damage filling" and "legal supervision",the respective application scope of "three claims" should be delineated.At the same time, we should strengthen the interactive relationship between different litigation systems to ensure systematic coordination, so as to build layers of progressive judicial relief system for ecological damage.
作者
于文轩
孙昭宇
YU Wenxuan;SUN Zhaoyu(Research Institute of Emvironmental and Resource lLarw,China University of Political Science and Lare,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《吉首大学学报(社会科学版)》
CSSCI
2022年第4期31-40,共10页
Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD174)。
关键词
生态环境损害
司法救济
环境民事公益诉讼
环境行政公益诉讼
生态环境损害赔偿诉讼
eco-environmental damage
judicial relief
environmental civil public interest litigation
environmental administrative public interest litigation
eco-environmental damage compensation litigation