2015-2020年河南省儿童第一恒磨牙健康状况调查

Health status of children’s first permanent molars in Henan province from 2015 to 2020

目的了解河南省6~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙萌出、患龋及窝沟封闭等情况。方法对中国儿童口腔疾病综合干预项目信息管理系统中2015—2020年河南省口腔健康检查数据进行分析。结果河南486865名儿童中,6~9岁儿童4颗第一恒磨牙均完全萌出率为73.44%,患龋率30.35%,龋均(0.67±1.18)颗,龋补充填比4.45%,窝沟封闭率2.36%。2015—2020年,6、7、8岁儿童4颗第一恒磨牙均完全萌出率都呈下降趋势(χ^(2)趋分别为385.793、964.142、71.964,P<0.05),而6~9岁儿童患龋率、龋均、龋补充填比及窝沟封闭率均呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋)/F_(趋)分别为1115.87、1270.53、1215.02、763.48,均P<0.05)。4颗第一恒磨牙均完全萌出率郊县(75.41%)高于城市(71.90%)(χ^(2)=756.44,P<0.05),而患龋率、龋均、龋补充填比及窝沟封闭率城市(34.23%、0.76±1.24、4.99%、3.75%)均高于郊县(25.39%、0.55±1.09、3.50%、0.58%)(χ^(2)分别为4435.30、3922.56、390.89、5262.76,均P<0.05)。上颌第一恒磨牙完全萌出率(84.96%)高于下颌(82.88%)(χ^(2)=1565.70,P<0.05),龋齿发生率下颌(26.07%)高于上颌(13.88%)(χ^(2)=38112.53,P<0.05)。结论河南省6~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙健康状况不容乐观,萌出率呈下降趋势,患龋率呈上升趋势,龋补充填率以及窝沟封闭率均较低。这提示人们应关注儿童的饮食习惯和口腔卫生,进一步加强口腔健康教育,提高其口腔保健意识。

Objective To investigate the eruption,caries,and pit and fissure sealing of the first permanent molars in children aged 6-9 years in Henan province.Methods The data of oral health examination in Henan province from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed in the information management system of China Children Oral Disease Comprehensive Intervention Project.Results Among 486865 children in Henan province,the total eruption rate of the four first permanent molars was 73.44%,The prevalence rate of dental caries was 30.35%,DMFT was 0.67±1.18,the ratio of caries fil ling was 4.45%,and the rate of pit and fissure sealing was 2.36%.From 2015 to 2020,the total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in children aged 6,7,and 8 showed a decreasing trend(χ^(2)_( trend) was 385.793,964.142,and 71.964,respectively,all P<0.05).The prevalence rates of dental caries,DMFT caries filling ratio,and pit and fissure sealing rate in children aged 6-9 increased(χ^(2) _(trend)/_(Ftrend) was 1115.87,1270.53,1215.02,763.48,respectively,all P<0.05).The total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in suburban counties(75.41%)were higher than those in urban areas(71.90%)(χ^(2)=756.44,P<0.05).The prevalence rates of dental caries,DMFT,filling ratio,and pit and fissure sealing rate in urban areas(34.23%,0.76±1.24,4.99%,and 3.75%,respectively)were higher than those in suburban areas(25.39%,0.55±1.09,3.50%,and 0.58%,respectively)(χ^(2) was 4435.30,3922.56,390.89,and 5262.76,respectively,P<0.05).The first permanent molar eruption completely rate maxillary(84.96%)was higher than mandible(82.88%)(χ^(2)=1565.70,P<0.05),and the dental caries risk of the mandible(26.07%)was higher than that of the upper(13.88%)(χ^(2)=38112.53,P<0.05).Conclusion The health status of the first permanent molars of children aged 6-9 years in Henan province is not optimistic.The eruption rate decreased,the incidence of caries increased,and the rates of caries filling and pit and fissure sealing were low.We should pay attention to children’s eating habits and oral health,strengthen oral health education,and improve oral health awareness.