SARS-CoV-2变异株的遗传学特征和致病特点

Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)可通过基因突变迅速进化,目前SARS-CoV-2变异株被分类为值得关切的变异株(B.1.1.7、B.1.351、P.1、B.1.617.2和B.1.1.529)、待留意的变异株(B.1.427/B.1.429、P.2、B.1.525、P.3、B.1.526、B.1.617.1、C.37和B.1.621)和受监控的变异株。这些变异株对病毒传播性和人群的发病率、再感染及死亡率产生了重大影响。与其他变异株相比,新变异株奥密克戎(Omicron)具有强传染性、免疫逃逸等特征,造成感染激增的高风险。该文概述了SARS-CoV-2变异株的遗传学特征,当前SARS-CoV-2新变异株Omicron流行病学特征、基因突变及临床特征,SARS-CoV-2样本采集方法及检测手段,疫苗接种以及COVID-19治疗等,以利于SARS-CoV-2的防治提供指导。

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)can evolve rapidly via genetic mutation.At present,SARS-CoV-2 variants have been categorized as of concern variants(B.1.1.7,B.1.351,P.1,B.1.617.2 and B.1.1.529),variants of interest(B.1.427/B.1.429,P.2,B.1.525,P.3,B.1.526,B.1.617.1,C.37 and B.1.621)and variants under monitoring.These variants have had a significant impact on with significant impact on transmissibility of virus,morbidity,reinfection and mortality in the population.Compared to other variants,Omicron new variant has characteristics such as strong infectivity,immune escape,causing a high risk of infection surges.This review outlines genetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants,the epidemiological,gene mutation and clinical characteristics of new variant Omicron of SARS-CoV-2,the collection method and detective method of SARS-CoV-2 specimen,vaccination and treatment for COVID-19,in order to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2.