多元英雄观视域下康巴民间文学中的英雄形象及叙事

Heroic Images and Narratives in Kham Folk Literature from Multiple Views of Heroes

中西对英雄的理解同中有异,古今有别。随着文化交流的深入,英雄的概念也相互影响。康巴民间文学中,英雄形象主要存在于神话、史诗和民间故事中。早期的英雄形象,多推崇刚健的体魄、强大的力量与抗争的人格。而后,追求“力”与“勇”的英雄观念逐渐发生变化,开始倾向于追求宽厚与智慧,流露出柔和色彩。在康巴民间文学中,英雄品格、伦理内蕴、叙事风格的形成,以及较汉文化英雄观的异同,与康巴位于汉藏文化交汇地带的人文生态环境有密切关系。康巴民间文学中沉积了不同时代、不同区域的英雄观念和叙事模式,研究康巴英雄形象及叙事风格,对理解中国民间文学的共性,建造共有的精神家园,不无裨益。

The understanding of heroes is varied between China and the West, between the past and the present.As cultural exchanges go deep, the concepts of heroes also influence each other.The hero images in Kham folk literature are mainly distributed in myths, epics and folk tales. Earlier hero images generally shared a robust body, powerful strength and fighting personality. Later, the view of heroes advocating "strength" and "bravery" gradually changed, and began to pursue grace, wisdom and gentle character. The heroic temperament, ethics and narratives demonstrated in Kham folk literature as well as their similarities and differences with the heroic view in Han culture are closely related to the humanistic and ecological environment of Kham, which is located in an intersection of Han culture and Tibetan culture.Kham folk literature has accumulated heroic concepts and narratives of different times and different regions. So studying the heroic images and narrative styles of Kham folk literature is useful for understanding the commonality of Chinese folk literature and shaping a common spiritual homeland.