急性白血病患者营养状况及护理人员对营养管理知信行的调查研究

Nutritional status of patients with acute leukemia and nursing staff’s knowledge,attitude,belief and practice regarding nutrition management

目的 探讨急性白血病患者营养状况及护理人员对营养管理知信行的调查研究。方法 选取2020年6月至2021年6月间复旦大学附属华山医院东院收治的82例急性白血病患者和11名血液科护理人员为研究对象,采用相关调查问卷对患者的营养状况及护理人员的营养管理知信行进行调查及相关因素分析,提出针对性干预措施。结果 患者营养状况A级35例,B级37例,C级10例,总营养不良者47例。对A级患者进行营养风险筛查,无营养风险者8例,低营养风险者14例,中营养风险者11例,高营养风险者2例。单因素分析显示,有无治疗不良反应、合并基础疾病、疾病认知和家庭支持均为急性白血病患者营养不良的相关影响因素(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,工作时间、专业职称和行政职务为影响护理人员营养管理知信行水平的相关因素(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,护理人员营养管理知信行水平与急性白血病患者的营养不良程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 急性白血病患者的营养不良率较高。有无治疗不良反应、合并基础疾病、疾病认知及家庭支持均为急性白血病患者出现营养不良的相关影响因素,工作时间、专业职称、行政职务等均为影响护理人员对营养管理知信行水平的相关因素。护理人员营养管理知信行水平与急性白血病患者的营养不良程度呈负相关,需采取有效的措施提升护理人员对营养管理知信行水平,改善患者的营养不良状况。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of patients with acute leukemia and the nursing staff’s knowledge, attitude, belief and practice regarding nutrition management. Methods From January 2020 to June 2021, 82 patients with acute leukemia and 11 nurses of hematology department were selected. The relevant questionnaire was used to investigate the nutritional status of patients and nursing staff’s knowledge, attitude, belief and practice regarding nutrition management, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The results showed that 35 patients had good nutritional status(grade A), 37 patients had mild or moderate malnutrition(grade B), 10 patients had severe malnutrition(grade C) and 47 patients had total malnutrition. Nutritional risk screening of patients of grade A nutrition showed that 8 patients had no nutritional risk, 14 patients had low nutritional risk, 11 patients had moderate nutritional risk and 2 patients had high nutritional risk. Univariate analysis revealed that working hours, professional titles and administrative duties were factors influencing nursing staff’s knowledge, attitude, belief and practice regarding nutrition management(all P<0.05). Correlation analysis found that nursing staff’s knowledge, attitude, belief and practice levels were negatively associated with malnutrition in patients with acute leukemia(all P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of malnutrition was high in patients with acute leukemia. Adverse reactions, comorbidities, disease cognition and family support were factors influencing malnutrition in patients with acute leukemia. Moreover, working hours, professional titles, administrative duties and so on are factors that influence nursing staff’s knowledge, attitude, belief and practice regarding nutrition management. Nursing staff’s knowledge, attitude, belief and practice regarding nutrition management were negatively associated with malnutrition in patients with acute leukemia. Effective measures should be implemented to improve the malnutrition status.