论实践中的自由——从《法哲学原理》和《黑格尔法哲学批判》中阐释

On freedom in practice:explanation from Philosophy of Right and Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

“自由”是《法哲学原理》和《黑格尔法哲学批判》中重要的理念。黑格尔和马克思分别从理论态度与实践态度出发,各自阐释了他们的自由观。黑格尔认为“法的理念是自由”,他从理论上设定了自由,但忽视了具体现实,阻碍了自由“理念与现实的统一”;马克思批判地认识了黑格尔的“法哲学”,认为黑格尔的法权思想由于立场问题,没有彻底坚持“自由”。马克思认为,真正的自由,体现在“人民主权”以及现实实践中,这是他比黑格尔进步的地方。

Freedom is an important concept in Philosophy of Right and Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right.Hegel and Marx illustrated their views of freedom from theoretical and practical attitudes respectively.Hegel believed that the concept of law was freedom,and he set up freedom theoretically,but ignored the concrete reality and hindered the unification of the concept of freedom and reality;Marx critically recognized Hegel’s philosophy of right and believed that Hegel’s thought of legal rights did not thoroughly adhere to freedom due to the standpoint problem.Marx believed that the real freedom was embodied in the sovereignty of the people and in real practice,which is where he is more advanced than Hegel.