锂离子电池低温电解液的研究现状与发展趋势

Research and development on low-temperature electrolytes for Li-ion batteries

低温锂离子电池的开发是目前储能技术研究的巨大挑战之一。现阶段使用的商用电解液在低温下离子电导率低、易凝固,直接对电池的低温性能产生严重影响。因此对低温电解液的研究与改性是合理设计低温锂离子电池的关键。本文分析了电池低温性能的影响因素,从锂盐、溶剂与添加剂三个方面综述了国内外研究现状,对不同改进策略进行了分类与讨论,最后对未来低温电解液的研究方向和前景进行了展望。

The development of low-temperature lithium-ion batteries is one of the great challenges on energy storage technology.The current commercial electrolytes have low ionic conductivity and easy solidification at low-temperature,which critically affects the low-temperature performance of batteries.Consequently the modification of low-temperature electrolytes is the key to design low-temperature lithium-ion batteries rationally.In this paper,the factors affecting low-temperature performance of batteries were analyzed,the domestic and foreign researches were reviewed from three aspects of lithium salts,solvents and additives,and the different improvement strategies were classified and discussed.Finally,the future research trends and prospect of low-temperature electrolytes were discussed.