运行工况下电动汽车内置式永磁同步电机振动噪声源识别

Identification of Vibration and Noise Sources for Inserted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors of Electric Vehicles under Operating Conditions

电动汽车内的振动和高频噪声直接影响汽车产品的结构安全性、舒适性和市场营销等各个方面,为解决某品牌电动汽车驱动系统内置式永磁同步电动机运行工况下振动噪声超标的问题,首先根据电磁场理论推导出电机空载和负载运行时产生的径向电磁力波解析表达式,得到径向电磁力波的阶次、频率和幅值,并给出电机运行时产生电磁和机械力波的频率。利用Brüel&Kj?r3050-A型六通道数据采集系统对电机空载和负载运行时的振动加速度进行阶次扫频分析,对比试验频率和解析分析结果找到电机振动较大的原因;为进一步识别电机的噪声源,基于特征频率对比法并使用Brüel&Kj?r PULSE Reflex声学照相机套装对样机进行工况下的声全息试验实现了对噪声源的定位,可为车用内置式永磁电机振动噪声抑制技术提供参考。

The vibration and high frequency noise in electric vehicles directly affect the ride-comfort, structural safety and marketing of automotive products. The problem of excessive vibration and noise under the operating conditions of a certain brand of electric vehicles driving system with inserted permanent magnet synchronous motors is studied and solved.Firstly, according to the electromagnetic field theory, the analytical expressions of the radial electromagnetic force wave generated by the motors under load-free and load operation are derived. The order, frequency and amplitude of the radial electromagnetic force wave are obtained, and the frequencies of electromagnetic and mechanical force waves generated by the motor operation are given. The Brüel & Kj?r 3050-A six-channel data acquisition system is used to perform the order sweep frequency analysis on the vibration acceleration of the motor under load-free and load operation conditions. Then, the test frequency and analytical results are compared to find the cause of the large motor vibration. To further identify the noise source of the motor, based on the characteristic frequency comparison method and using the Brüel & Kj?r PULSE Reflex acoustic camera kit, the acoustic holography test of the prototype under working conditions is realized to locate the noise source. This work provides a reference for vibration and noise suppression of vehicle ′ s permanent magnet motors.