基于3D打印的船舶零件高精度设计方法

High precision design method of ship parts based on 3D printing

为保证船舶零件的契合程度和零件的制造质量,提出基于3D打印的船舶零件高精度设计方法。该方法采用激光扫描仪获取船舶零件的实体点云数据,采用模型特征策略,精简处理获取的船舶零件点云数据;依据该数据,利用扫描实体的表达方式重构船舶零件几何模型;在遵守3D打印约束的前提下,采用熔融沉积成型的3D打印技术打印船舶零件,并基于速度正交分解算法,优化3D打印喷头的扫描路径,提升打印精度,保证零件的高精度设计。测试结果显示:该方法具有良好的点云数据的精简处理效果,表面积变化率均在3%以内;打印的误差结果最大值为-0.022 mm,打印喷嘴在x,y,z三个方向上的误差0.24 mm以下,能够保证船舶零件的高精度设计。

In order to ensure the fitting degree and manufacturing quality of ship parts, a high-precision design method of ship parts based on 3D printing is proposed. The method uses laser scanner to obtain the solid point cloud data of ship parts, and uses model feature strategy to simplify the obtained point cloud data of ship parts;According to the data, the geometric model of ship parts is reconstructed by using the expression of scanning entity;On the premise of complying with the3D printing constraints, the 3D printing technology of melt deposition molding is used to print ship parts, and based on the speed orthogonal decomposition algorithm, the scanning path of the 3D printing head is optimized to improve the printing accuracy and ensure the precision design of the parts. The test results show that this method has a good effect on the simplification of point cloud data, and the change rate of surface area is within 3%;The maximum error result of printing is-0.022 mm, and the error of printing nozzle in x, y and z directions is less than 0.24 mm, which can ensure the high-precision design of ship parts.