共同体善视野下秩序法益的保护——以妨害药品管理罪为视角

Protection of Legal Interests of Order under the Vision of Community Good:Based on the Analysis of Crime of Obstructing Drug Administration

法定犯时代,刑事立法加强了对秩序法益的保护,妨害药品管理罪的增设就是秩序法益在药品犯罪体系中独立化的体现。基于共同体善的视角,秩序法益的正当性能够在理论与现实两方面得到证成:共同体利益的强调要求刑法更具有前瞻性、体系更加完善,同时还意味着公民个体义务的增加,在此情况下,法规范应当进行合理性与有效性调试,秩序法益的增设就是这一调试的结果。同时,克服秩序法益的抽象性的实践路径是进行司法限缩,将妨害药品管理罪维护药品管理秩序的最终意旨解读为是在更为宏观的层面保护社会共同体的身体健康和生命安全,进而使“足以严重危害人体健康”为其设置解释的边界。行政不法与刑事犯罪之间应当存在质与量的区别,即对于行政秩序的违反积累到侵害共同体利益的程度时,则引起“质变”,应当动用刑罚,因此司法实践中应当独立地进行刑事违法性的判断。

In the era of statutory offense, criminal legislation has strengthened the protection of the legal interests of order. The addition of the crime of obstructing drug administration reflects the independence of the legal interests of order in the drug crime system. Based on the perspective of community good, the legitimacy of the legal interests of order can be proved from both theory and reality: the emphasis of community interests requires that the criminal law be more forward-looking and perfect;it also means the increased obligations of individual citizens, and the protection of the legal interests of order is the result of the rationality and validity debugging of law specification. The practical path to overcome the abstraction of the legal interests of order should be to make judicial restriction. The ultimate intention of maintaining the order of drug administration should be interpreted to protect the health and life safety of the social community at a more macro level. “Enough to seriously harm human health” in this sense is set up as the criminal law boundary for the legal interests of order. There should be a qualitative and quantitative difference between administrative illegality and criminal crime, that is, when the violation of administrative order accumulates to the degree of infringement on the community interests, it causes a qualitative change, and the criminal penalty should be used. Therefore, the criminal illegality shall be made independently in the judicial practice.