论债权二重让与的权利归属——基于债权善意取得的可能性

On Right Ownership of Double Assignment of Creditor’s Rights:Based on the Possibility of Bona Fide Acquisition of Creditor’s Rights

对于普通民事债权的二重让与问题,司法实践中存在“让与在先,权利在先”与“通知在先,权利在先”两种裁判规则。这种裁判规则的分歧源自对我国债权让与模式的不同认识。我国《民法典》采取了通知对抗主义的债权让与模式,只要双方当事人达成合意即可发生债权让与的效力,但未经通知不可对抗善意第三人。若在后的债权让与满足具备虚假权利外观、善意、债权取得已进行通知等要件,则第二受让人可以善意取得债权。此时,应适用“通知在先,权利在先”的规则,使债权最终归属于第二受让人。

In judicial practice,there are two rules of adjudication on the issue of the final ownership of creditor’s rights in double assignment:“contract first,right first”or“notice first,right first”.This difference of views stems from the different understanding of the mode of creditor’s rights assignment in China.The Chinese Civil Code adopts the mode of notification antagonism,which can take effect as long as the parties reach an agreement,but cannot be against bona fide third parties without notice.If the subsequent assignment of the creditor’s rights satisfies the requirements of false appearance of rights,good faith,and notice of creditor’s rights acquisition,the second assignee can acquire creditor’s rights in good faith.In this case,the rule of“notice first,right first”shall be applied,so that the creditor’s rights ultimately belong to the second assignee.