三门峡市农产品土壤重金属元素分析及防治建议

Analysisand prevention recommendations of heavy metal elements in soil of agricultural products in Sanmenxia

河南省矿产资源丰富,是金、铅锌、锰、钼和铬等矿种的集中地,长期的开采冶炼活动,使得部分矿山生态遭受破坏,Hg、Cd、Pb、As和Cr等有害元素被活化并不断释放到周围环境中造成污染,导致境内农田土壤及农产品重金属污染问题日益突出。本文通过农田土壤取样和室内化验,测定三门峡区域内农田土壤中重金属元素状况,并分析其成因,根据调查区土壤背景点环境质量状况及空间分布情况,得出三门峡市农产品土壤Pb、Cd、As和Cr等4种优先防控元素平均含量均低于全国土壤标准值,其余元素中,Mn、Co、Ni、Cu和Zn元素的平均值高于河南省土壤背景值,有一定的超标情况,但总体处于安全水平。根据土壤重金属元素状况及分布特征等基础信息,提出控制污染源、科学种植、土壤改良等相关防治建议。

Henan is rich in mineral resources,especially the concentration of low-temperature hydrothermal minerals such as gold,lead and zinc,manganese,molybdenum,chromium and coal,long-term production and smelting activities,resulting in the destruction of some mine ecology,harmful elements such as Hg,Cd,Pb,As and Cr are activated and continuously released into the surrounding environment to cause pollution,resulting in the increasingly prominent problem of heavy metal pollution of farmland soil and agricultural products.Based on scientific research projects,using the means of farmland soil sampling and indoor testing,this paper determines the status of heavy metal elements in farmland soil in Sanmenxia area,and analyzes its causes,according to the environmental quality status and spatial distribution of soil background points in the survey area,the average content of four priority prevention and control elements such as cadmium,chromium,lead and arsenic in Sanmenxia agricultural products is lower than the national soil standard value,and the average values of Mn,Co,Ni,Cu and Zn elements are higher than the soil background values of Henan Province.There are certain cases of exceeding the standard,but the overall level of safety.According to the basic information such as the status and distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements in the soil,the relevant prevention and control suggestions such as pollution control,scientific planting,and soil improvement are proposed.