6061铝合金热挤压工艺优化研究

Optimization of hot extrusion process of 6061 aluminum alloy

以提高6061铝合金型材挤压速度为目的,采用有限元计算软件对6061铝合金的挤压过程进行模拟,发现影响铝合金挤压速度的工件部位塑性应变值明显大于其他区域。根据相关挤压力计算公式,以减少分流孔数量,缩短工作带长度进而降低挤压力为主要优化方向,对挤压模具结构和模具工作带进行优化。优化后,挤压载荷明显降低,最大挤压速度明显提高;通过对6061铸棒中的Si、Mg等主要合金成分含量进行合理调整,并对铸棒进行均匀化处理,显著提高了铸棒的塑性与可挤压性。

In order to increase the extrusion speed of 6061 aluminum alloy profile,the extrusion process of 6061 aluminum alloy is simulated by finite element calculation software.It is found that the plastic strain value of the workpiece affecting the extrusion speed of aluminum alloy is significantly greater than that of other areas.According to the relevant extrusion force calculation formula,in order to reduce the number of shunt holes,shorten the length of working belt and then reduce the extrusion force,the extrusion die structure and die working belt are optimized.After optimization,the extrusion load is obviously reduced and the maximum extrusion speed is obviously increased;By reasonably adjusting and controlling the content of Si,Mg and other main alloy components in 6061 cast rod,and homogenizing the cast rod,the plasticity and extrudability of the cast rod are significantly improved.