Molecular regulation of myocardial proliferation and regeneration

Heart regeneration is a fascinating and complex biological process. Decades of intensive studies have revealed asophisticated molecular network regulating cardiac regeneration in the zebrafish and neonatal mouse heart. Here,we review both the classical and recent literature on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying heartregeneration, with a particular focus on how injury triggers the cell-cycle re-entry of quiescent cardiomyocytes toreplenish their massive loss after myocardial infarction or ventricular resection. We highlight several importantsignaling pathways for cardiomyocyte proliferation and propose a working model of how these injury-inducedsignals promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. Thus, this concise review provides up-to-date research progresses onheart regeneration for investigators in the field of regeneration biology.