考虑环境熟悉度与疏散策略的元胞自动机模型

CA model considering environmental familiarity and evacuation strategy

为明确环境熟悉度及疏散策略对行人疏散过程的影响,在静态场域模型中引入行人转化规则,建立考虑环境熟悉度与疏散策略的元胞自动机(CA)模型;该模型将行人分为熟悉环境和不熟悉环境2类,考虑环境熟悉度改变对疏散过程的影响;模拟仿真2种疏散策略和行人转化规则,讨论在不同能见度下,盲目疏散、理性疏散及改变行人转化概率对疏散的影响。结果表明:环境熟悉度影响疏散效率,环境熟悉度与疏散效率成正比;行人密度较小时,能见度对疏散影响大,最佳能见度为11(4.4 m),能见度大于11(4.4 m)时应选择理性疏散;环境熟悉度不变时,转化概率增加会使得疏散时间减少,最佳转化参数为0.01。

In order to clarify the influence of environmental familiarity and evacuation strategy on pedestrian evacuation process,CA model considering environmental familiarity and evacuation strategy was established by introducing pedestrian transformation rules into the static field model.The model divides pedestrians into familiar environment and unfamiliar environment,and considers the influence of environmental familiarity on evacuation process.Then,two evacuation strategies and pedestrian transformation rules are simulated to discuss the effects of blind evacuation,rational evacuation and changing the probability of pedestrian transformation on evacuation under different visibility.The results show that environmental familiarity affects evacuation efficiency,and environmental familiarity is proportional to evacuation efficiency.When the pedestrian density is small,the visibility has a great influence,the best visibility is 11(4.4 m).If the visibility is greater than 11(4.4 m),rational evacuation should be selected.If the environmental familiarity is constant,the increase of conversion probability will reduce the evacuation time,and the optimal conversion parameter is 0.01.