我国长期护理保险参与意愿的影响因素——基于ISM模型

Influencing Factors of Willingness to Participate in Long-Term Care Insurance in China——Based on ISM Model

探析影响长期护理保险参与意愿因素之间的内在逻辑关系,运用解释结构模型(ISM)对各因素之间的层次性与作用机理进行综合分析。在影响用户长期护理保险参与意愿的因素中,个体特征、制度规范、社会认同为表层影响因素,个人经济状况风险认知为中层影响因素,养老、医疗、商业的社会保险为深层次因素,其影响长期护理保险参与或选择意愿程度较深。在此基础上,提出相关建议,即设计针对性、互补性的长护险产品,构建差异化定价机制,突出长护险产品特色,弱化其他社会保险对参与长护险的挤出效应,加大长期护理保险的宣传力度,增强老年群体的需求意识,创新长期照护服务供给模式,构建专业照护人才培养体系等。

The internal logical relationship between the factors affecting the willingness to participate in long-term care insurance was explored,and the explanatory structure model(ISM)was used to comprehensively analyze the hierarchy and mechanism of each factor.Among the factors affecting users’ willingness to participate in long-term care insurance,individual characteristics,institutional norms,and social identity are the surface influencing factors,the risk perception of personal economic status is the middle-level influencing factor,and pension,medical,and commercial social insurance are deep-level factors.It has a deep influence on the willingness to participate in or choose long-term care insurance.On this basis,it is proposed to design targeted and complementary long-term care insurance products,build a differentiated pricing mechanism,highlight the characteristics of long-term care insurance products,weaken the crowding-out effect of other social insurances on participating in long-term care insurance,and increase long-term care insurance.Suggestions such as strengthening the publicity of the elderly,enhancing the awareness of the needs of the elderly,innovating the long-term care service supply model,and building a professional care personnel training system.