合生素对断奶新西兰肉兔生长性能及盲肠微生物菌群结构的影响

Effect of synbiotics on growth performance and cecal microbial flora structure of weaned New Zealand meat rabbits

试验旨在探究合生素代替抗生素对断奶新西兰肉兔生长性能及盲肠微生物菌群结构的影响。选取300只35日龄断奶新西兰肉兔,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只兔,对照组肉兔饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加土霉素,合生素组在基础日粮中添加0.04%合生素(由枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌与低聚木糖配伍而成),试验期42 d。结果显示:与抗生素组和对照组相比,合生素组肉兔的平均日增重、平均日采食量及成活率显著升高(P<0.05),腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05);合生素组肉兔盲肠微生物菌群中,脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、脱硫弧菌纲(Desulfovibrionia)、巴恩斯氏菌科(Barnesiellaceae)、另支菌属(Alistipes)和毛螺菌科NK4A136组(Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)、丙型-变形杆菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),盲肠微生物菌群结构优于抗生素组和对照组。研究表明,合生素在肉兔促生长、维持肠道微生态平衡方面效果显著,具有代替抗生素的潜力。

The experiment was to investigate the effect of synbiotics instead of antibiotics on growth performance and cecal microbial flora structure of weaned New Zealand meat rabbits. A total of 300 35-day-old weaning New Zealand meat rabbits were selected and randomly divided into three groups, with five replicates in each group and 20 rabbits in each replicate. The rabbits in control group were fed with basal diet, the rabbits in antibiotic group were fed with basal diet supplement with oxytetracycline, and the rabbits in synbiotic group were fed with basal diet supplement with 0.04%synbiotic(by Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans and xylooligosaccharides), the experimental period was 42 d. The results showed that compared with antibiotic group and control group, the average daily gain, average daily feed intake and survival rate of meat rabbits in synbiotic group were significantly increased(P<0.05), and the diarrhea rate was significantly decreased(P<0.05). In cecal microflora of meat rabbits in vegetarian group, the relative abundance of Desulfobacterota, Actinobacteriota, Desulfovibrionia, Barnesiellaceae, Alistipes and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was significantly increased(P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria was significantly decreased(P<0.05). The microbial flora structure was better than that of antibiotic group and control group.The experiment indicates that synbiotics have significant effect in promoting growth and maintaining intestinal microecological balance in meat rabbits, which have the potential to replace antibiotics.