植物精油对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道形态和微生物菌群的影响

Effect of plant essential oils on growth performance,slaughter performance,intestinal morphology and microflora of meat rabbits

试验旨在研究植物精油对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道形态和盲肠微生物菌群的影响。选取35日龄肉兔270只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复9只兔。对照组为基础日粮,抗生素组添加15 mg/kg的恩拉霉素,O1组、O2组、O3组分别在基础日粮中添加100、300、500 mg/kg复合植物精油。试验期30 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,O2组肉兔的平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),O2组、O3组肉兔的料重比和腹泻率均显著降低(P<0.05);O3组肉兔的全净膛率和半净膛率显著提高(P<0.05);抗生素组和O2组肉兔十二指肠和回肠的绒毛高度显著升高(P<0.05),回肠的绒隐比显著升高(P<0.05),抗生素组、O1组、O2组和O3组空肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05)。对照组、抗生素组、O1组、O2组和O3组肉兔的优势菌门(相对丰度大于2%)均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),优势菌属(相对丰度大于2%)均为瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)和颤螺旋菌属(Oscillospira);抗生素组和O3组厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,植物精油能够有效降低肉兔料重比,提高屠宰率,改善肠道形态,增加盲肠微生物的丰度和均匀度。

The experiment was to study the effect of plant essential oil on growth performance, slaughter performance,intestinal morphology and microflora of meat rabbits. A total of 270 35-day-old meat rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, with six replicates in each group and nine rabbits in each replicate. Rabbits in control group were fed with a basal diet, rabbits in antibiotic group were fed with basal diet supplemented with 15 mg/kg enramycin, and rabbits in group O1, group O2 and group O3 were supplemented with 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg complex plant essential oil in basal diet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 30 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily gain of rabbits in group O2 was significantly increased(P<0.05), feed to gain ratio and diarrhea rate of rabbits in group O2and group O3 were significantly decreased(P<0.05). The percentage of eviscerated yield and half percentage of eviscerated yield of rabbits in group O3 was significantly increased(P<0.05). The villus height of duodenum and ileum in antibiotic group and group O2 was significantly increased(P<0.05), and the villus to hide ratio of ileum was significantly increased(P<0.05);the depth of jejunal crypts in antibiotic group, group O1, group O2 and group O3 were significantly reduced(P<0.05). At phylum level, the dominant bacteria genera(relative abundance>2%) in control group, antibiotic group, group O1, group O2 and group O3 were all Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and the dominant bacterial genera(relative abundance>2%) are all Ruminococcus and Oscillospira. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in antibiotic group and group O3 were significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05). The experiment indicates that adding plant essential oil to diet can increase the growth performance, slaughter rate of meat rabbits, and improve the intestinal morphology and increase the abundance of bacteria in caecum.