无痛分娩在初产妇中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of painless delivery in primipara

分娩是人类孕育新生命的必经过程,多数初产妇对分娩存在焦虑、忧郁、恐慌等不良心理状态。在分娩过程中宫缩会引起剧烈疼痛,影响产妇自然分娩,导致剖宫产率上升。随着医疗水平的发展,临床倡导产妇进行自然分娩,因此如何减轻初产妇分娩疼痛,以减轻产妇心理负担,促进顺利生产成为了临床研究的热点。无痛分娩技术的应用,改善了诸多产妇焦虑、恐惧等不良心理状态。多项报道均指出,无痛分娩有助于减轻初产妇分娩疼痛,助产效果较好。无痛分娩主要分为两类,药物性分娩镇痛和非药物性分娩镇痛。药物性镇痛主要为硬膜外麻醉、腰硬联合麻醉;非药物性分娩镇痛包括呼吸镇痛法、水中分娩镇痛法、分娩球分娩、音乐疗法、导乐分娩以及自由体位分娩等,在临床上均取得了较好的镇痛效果,有助于减轻产妇分娩疼痛,提升产妇自然分娩率。为了探究初产妇无痛分娩的相关研究内容及应用效果,本文对相关研究进展进行综述,为帮助初产妇顺利分娩提供参考方案。

Childbirth is a necessary process for human beings to conceive new life.Most primiparas have bad psychological states such as anxiety,depression and panic about childbirth,etc.During childbirth,uterine contraction will cause severe pain,which affects the natural delivery of pregnant women,and leads to an increase in the rate of cesarean section.With the development of medical treatment level,it is advocated that the primipara deliver naturally.Therefore,how to reduce the pain of primipara delivery,reduce the psychological burden of primipara,and promote the smooth production has become a hot spot of clinical research.The application of painless delivery technology,has improved many bad psychological states of primipara such as anxiety and fear.Many reports have pointed out that painless delivery is helpful to alleviate the pain of primipara delivery,and the effect of midwifery is better.Painless delivery is mainly divided into two categories,drug induced labor analgesia and non drug induced labor analgesia.Drug induced analgesia is mainly epidural anesthesia and combined spinal epidural anesthesia;non drug induced labor analgesia includes respiratory analgesia,water labor analgesia,labor ball labor,music therapy,Doula labor and free body position labor.They have achieved good analgesic effect in clinic,which is helpful to reduce labor pain and improve the rate of natural labor.In order to explore the related research content and application effect of painless delivery of primiparas,this paper summarizes the related research progress,so as to provide the reference scheme to help primiparas deliver smoothly.