绞股蓝地下部位总皂苷化学成分分析及降脂作用研究

Components and lipid-lowering effect of total saponins from underground part of Gynostemma pentaphyllum

该实验利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS~E技术分析绞股蓝不同部位的皂苷成分,共鉴定46种皂苷成分,其中地下部位的皂苷种类比地上部位多26种,且多为三糖皂苷;利用高脂饲料建立大鼠高脂血症模型,研究绞股蓝地下部位总皂苷的降脂活性,为绞股蓝地下部位的综合利用提供理论依据。99只健康SD大鼠,随机分为空白组,模型组,阳性药组,地上总皂苷组,地下总皂苷低、中、高剂量组。除空白组外,其余各组均饲喂高脂饲料6周,根据血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)及血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)水平判定造模是否成功。连续灌胃给药30 d后,观察状态,测定体质量、肝比重、TC、TG、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、胆红素,总胆汁酸、肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体(PPAR-γ),HE染色观察肝脏病理变化情况。从结果看,地上部位总皂苷、地下部位总皂苷中、高剂量连续给药可治疗肝细胞脂肪变性,降低模型大鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST、总胆红素、MDA、PPAR-γ水平,升高HDL-C、SOD水平,且随着给药剂量增大,趋势更加明显。因此,地下部位的绞股蓝总皂苷具有良好的降低血脂的药理作用,这为绞股蓝地下部位的综合利用提供了理论依据。

The saponins in different parts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum were analyzed via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS.A total of 46 saponins were identified,and the underground part had 26 saponins more than the aboveground part,most of which were trisaccharide saponins.The rat model of hyperlipidemia was established with high-fat diet.This study explored the lipid-lowering activity of total saponins in the underground part of G.pentaphyllum,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of the underground part of G.pentaphyllum.A total of 99 healthy SD rats were randomly assigned into a blank group,a model group,a positive drug group,an aboveground total saponins group,and low-,medium-,and high-dose underground total saponins groups.Except the blank group,the other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 6 weeks.Then,the blood was collected from the orbital cavity to determine whether the modeling was successful according to the serum levels of total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG).After intragastric administration of the corresponding agents for 30 continuous days,the physical state of the rats were observed,and the body weight and liver specific gravity were measured.Furthermore,the levels of TC,TG,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),bilirubin,and total bile acids in serum,as well as the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR-γ)in the liver tissue,were determined.The pathological changes of liver was observed via HE staining.The results showed that the aboveground total saponins and medium-and high-dose underground total saponins can treat hepatocyte steatosis,lower TC,TG,LDL-C,ALT,AST,total bilirubin,MDA,and PPAR-γlevels,and increase HDL-C and SOD levels in the model rats.The effect tended to be more obvious with the increase in dosage.Therefore,the total saponins in the underground part of G.pentaphyllum have good pharmacological effect of reducing blood lipid,which provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of the underground part of G.pentaphyllum.